115
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THE DANISH

INGOLF-EXPEDITION.

VOL. II, PART I.

h

CONTENTS:

I. CBR. LUTKEN: THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESULTS.

2.

"VR PSE. JUNGERSEN: ON THE APPENDICES GENITALESJCtr^PERS)

^LAND SHARK, SOMNIOSUS MICROCEPHAIAJS (BL. SCHN«}, ^
AND OTHER sfebACHIANi "" "

IN THE GREI

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PUBLISHED AT THE COST OF THE GOVERNMENT

THE DIRECTION OF THE ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY.

<#r.*i:>

••"^v^iix*)^-

COPENHAGEN.

H. HAGERUP.

BIANCO LUNO (F. DREYKR), PRINTER TO THE COURT.

1899.

THE DANISH INGOLF EXPEDITION.

VOLUME II.

1.

THE ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESULTS.

BY

CHR. LUTKEN.

WITH 4 PLATES, i MAP, 2 FIGUREvS IN THE TEXT AND A LIST OF THE STATIONS.

■>-fH2>«l-<-

COPENHAGEN.

BIANCO LUNO (F. DREYER), PRINTER TO THE COURT.

1898.

s.

The Ichthyological Results of the Expeditions

of the Jngoir.

By Chr. LQtken.

THE oceanic ichthyological earnings of the 2 expeditions of the <Ingolf> in 1895 and 1896 are in
so far rather considerable as they comprise c. 29 genera and c. 44 species; bnt they do not com-
prise many types which are new, viz. not known or described in onr own days or in earher times.
But they number several forms which were not formerly known at our nuiseum or from the northern
seas more accessible to us, and there are species among them which have been known hitherto in
few specimens only and thus from a very limited study-material. The knowledge of the distribution
of several types is therefore now extended, as also the knowledge of their occurrence over an area
hitherto little examined, and an addition somewliat considerable is thence procured to the earnings of
the earlier expeditions of the -Challenger*, «le TaHsman», «le Travailleur», «the Blake , the Alba-
tross*, <tlie Voringen , -the Knight Errant*, «l'Hirondelle> and -the Princesse Alice etc.

It was so far a disappointment that the expedition did not forward us several rather well
known arctic or abyssal types that might have been expected, f. i. apodal LopJiioidci^ arctic picked
dog-fishes, Ap/iaiwpns etc. The impossibility of using the «-weel> of the prince of Monaco in seas of
a northern and troublesome character and the difficulties, to say the least, of using angles must wear
the blame for the deficiencies in this respect. The types, which will be specially mentioned in the
following sheets and partly figured in the accompanying plates, are chiefl)- Coftoidci (in the wider,
older sense of the word), the Lycodcs, Liparidcs and allied types [Paraliparis), RliodicJifhys^ Macninis
and other deep-sea Gadoids and deep-sea fishes (Alepocephahis, Anfhnora)^ deep-sea-Mttrcsnoids , Nota-
cantliini and certain /^^yw- species. That the account of Scopelini is rather scarce is due to the diffi-
culties of capturing those fragile fishes. That the results as here exposed may be found somewhat
uncertain in several cases — in certain difficult genera — owing in part to my personal defects, I shall
not deny, but I hope that the special difficulties of those cases will be my excuse. The number of
the plates I have reduced to the most necessary. I have specially made use of the colored sketches
made on board of the .Ingolf > of animals still living or freshly caught, which made it possible to
produce some colored figures.

Mr. Adolph Jensen has been kind enough to assist me with the revision of the manuscript
and in other wa}-s; I owe to him se\'eral important corrections and emendations and bestow on him
my best thanks for his aid.

The Inffolf-Expedition. I[. i. ■ .. t

41877

THE FISHES OF THE . INGOLF» EXPEDITIONS.

Skates (Rays) : the genus Raja.

Raja hyperborea Collett.
Collett: Den norske Nordhavs Expedition. Fiskene. p. 9, pi. I, fig- 1 — 2.

Glint her: Report on the deep-sea fishes. Expedition of the Challenger, p. 8, pi. IV, A, B, C.
Also fignred in Goode & Bean: < Oceanic Ichthyology , pi. IX, fig. 28, and by Smitt in Skandi-

naviens Fiskar», p. mo — 11, fig. 317 — 18.

The Norvegian North-sea-expedition canght a male specimen, about 20 inches (518"''") long at
a depth of 459 fathoms, 115 kilometres West of Spitzbergen (Norskoerne). The Knight Errant»
captured in the Faroe-Channel a larger male, 24' ^ inches long, at 608 fathoms together with 2 smaller
females (672 inches) and a female (8 inches); a very young male was captured at 400 fathoms. On the
cingolf -expeditions were caught 3 specimens, 2 females and a male, similar in size to those of the
«Voringen>:. The localities were the following:
Station 113 (to the south of Jan Mayen), 69° 31' Eat. North, 7^06' Longitud. West, the depth 1309

fathoms. Temperature at the bottom -^ I'.o C. , nature of the bottom: Biloculina-cXox. A female,

243/4 inches long from the point of the snout to tlie end of the tail, greatest breadth 2072 inch.
Station 140 (North of the Faroe Islands), 63° 29' Eat. North, 6" 57' Long. W^est, depth 780 fathoms.

Temperature at the bottom -=- o."''9 C, its nature: gray mud. A female, its length 2172 inch,

breadth 17 inches.
Station 141 (North of the Faroe Islands), 63" 22' Eat. North, 6^58' Eong. W^est, depth 679 fathoms.

Temperature at the bottom -f-o'.e C. Gray mud. Male: length 25 inches, breadth 18 inches.
The description of Prof. Collett may be compared with that of Dr. Giinther, loco citato. In
this Arctic Ray there is apparently no difference according to age in the physiognomy, contour etc.
Nevertheless it should be noted, that the delicate dorsal spinous clothing has a larger or more
complete extension in the young specimen figured by Giinther than in the known larger individuals.
The differences attributable to individual variation and appearing by a comparison between the spe-
cimens of Collett and Giinther are enumerated by Eilljeborg (Sveriges och Norges Fiskar III,
p. 604) and by vSmitt (Skandinaviens Fiskar p. 11 12).

I shall add some remarks on the variations in shape, spinulation etc. which make themselves
apparent when comparing the specimens before me, tw'o of which are females. The typical specimen
of Collett has on both sides 3 larger spines in a series inside of the upper margin of the eye, the
first pair before a line between the anterior margin of the eyes, the hindmost close behind a line
between the posterior margin of the parietal foramina. There are further 2 pair of shoulder spines
and in the middle line of the body a series of 26 spines and a small spine between the 2 dorsal fins.
This little spine is wanting in all our 3 specimens and should therefore be omitted in the specific
diagnosis. The supraorbital spines are in all as indicated above, if one of them is not lost on one
side, as is apparently the case in one of them. The shoulder spines may be in 2 or 3 pairs. In the
unpaired dorsal line the number of spines may be from 21 to 31. The teeth are delicate and acute
and show no sexual difference with the exception that one female (from station 140) is almost quite
toothless. Two of our specimens are on the back uniformly dark brown, as are those from the

THE FISHES OF THE < IXGOLF» EXPEDITIONS.

«V0rmgen ■>-expedition ; the third, a male, is adorned with numerous light specks which are however
not sharply defined. On the belly this specimen is generally dark with some rather regularly distrib-
uted smaller or larger light spots; the surroundings of the mouth are white. The other female is
light on the lower side of the head and on the whole median party near to the anus, but else dark.
The male is generally light on the ventral side with darker patches in a fashion similar to the
specimen of the Voringen , but with greater preponderance of the white or colorless parts. In the
female with the dark belly the first dorsal fin is proportionally very small. The cards > are relatively
little developed on the back of the pectoral fins of our male, and its appendices geuitales are not larger
than in the Xorvegian typical specimen (ab. 2 inches); therefore all the specimens hitherto obtained
of this sex and species are relatively yoiing, though of a rather considerable size. The flat lower
surface of the tail is continued as a low dermal fold at both sides.

Raja ingolfiana Ltk. n. sp. (Tab. i, fig. i.).

Thus I name provisionally a male specimen of Raja — very young, judging from its little
developed appendices geuitales (scarcely an inch long), captured by the Ingolf -expedition at Station 32
(off Holstensborg) at a depth of 318 fathoms on 66"' 35' L,at. North, 56" 38' Long. West, where the bottom
was brownish-gray mud with very numerous R/iabda»n/ii?i(F and some pebbles, the bottom temperature
of the water 3.9"^ C. This probably new species belongs to the less acutely pointed species; measured
in the usual manner the length of the snout equals half the breadth over the middle line of the eyes.
The external angles of the disk are more rounded, less acutely pointed, its anterior margins more
straight, less sinuous than in R. hyperborea, the external laps of the ventral fins less narrow. The tail
is much stouter, both longer and more robust; its length is 12 inches, the distance from the point of
the snout to the origin of the tail 13 72 inches , the total lenght thus 25 72 inch. 2 — 4 supraorbital
spines may be counted, some smaller ones on the back of the snout, and some scapular spines (3 jDlaced
in a triangle); in the median line of the tail and the back a dense series of 47 spines and along the
lateral margins of the tail (where the lateral folds are in R. Jiyperborea] a dense series of somewhat
smaller .spines. There are no spines between the dorsal fins which are placed close together. Other-
wise the dorsal face is only slightly spinulous with few isolated spinules and the ventral face is quite
naked. Between the medial series of spines on the tail and the 2 lateral series is on both sides a
zone of numerous, hardly visible asperities (spinelets); the dorsal fins are clothed in the same manner,
but the ventral ones naked. The teeth are small and pointed. The ventral face of the body is whitish
without spots, only with some dark parts on the lower face of the tail and the ventral fins, and deli-
cately furrowed; the dorsal surface is brown.

Before this species can be studied in both sexes and different ages its place in the series of
types in the famih- of Rays can not be fixed. Of the many Eastamerican species only R. erinaceus
and occUafa have been accessible to me, none of the more pointed species. I shall refer the reader to
S. W. Garmans memoir On the Skates {Raja) of the eastern coast of the United States; in the « Pro-
ceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History-, Vol. XVII (1874), p. 170 etc., to Goode and
Beans ^Oceanic Ichthyology (1895) p. 24 — 30, to Gilberts The ichth}-ological collections of the

THE FISHES OF THE <INGOLF> EXPEDITIONS.

U. S. fish commission steamer Albatross» (Report U. S. Comm. Fish etc.) 1896 and to Jordan and
Evermanns: The fishes of Nortli and Middle America* (Bulletin United States National Museum
Nr. 47, 1896), p. 67—76.

Raja rostro acutiusculo, pinnis pectoralibus antice rotundatis, cauda sat robusta, spinis non-
nullis supraorbitalibus, rostralibus et scapularibus, c. 47 in parte mediana dorsi et caudte, interpinnali-
bus caudse nullis.

Raja FyUae Ltk. (Tab. II, fig. 2).
J'^. oniata Garman?

A male specimen captured on Station 25 off frodthaab (63' 30' Lat. North, 54 25' Long. West,
at 582 fathoms, at a temperature at the bottom of 3". 3 C), which has a length of 555™'" (about 21
inches) and a greatest diameter of the disk of 310""" (ii3/^ inches), and whose large appendices gciiitalcs
demonstrate that it is adult and capable of procreation, agrees else completely with another specimen
somewhat smaller (470"""), taken in 1889 in the Denmark Strait at 426 fathoms, and referred by me
(«Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistori.ske Foreuing 1891, p. 32) to the Raja Fyller^ established
not long tiine before (ibid. 1887, P- ^ — 4) P^-^) '^y '"^ ^s a new species on a younger female specimen
from the same seas. This specimen, which is thus the proper original specimen of the species, had,
to be sure, in many respects another aspect, and it was therefore with some doubt that I identified
the adult male from the Denmark Strait (1889) with the young female from the Davis Strait (1884).
I was induced to this determination by the fact, that other species of Rays were not known at that
time from the Greenland seas than Raja Fylhr and R. radiata^ and by the examination of a couple of
still younger males from the Davis Strait (likewise from 1889). The new capture from 1895 induced
me to take up the question again and to examine as far as possible, if the difference of age or sex
is so large as supposed b}- me or if a specific difference had been overlooked. The two elder
specimens I shall mention together, designating however the larger figured Ingolfian specimen (from
1895) as No. I, the somewhat smaller one (from 1889) as No. II.

The incisions of the margins of the disk (at the height of the jjarietal foramina) are still
sharper defined in No. I than in No. II. The other portion of the pectoral fin is rounded in a cor-
responding manner in both. The genital appendages are no'"™ long in No. I, 105'"™ in No. II. There
are larger and smaller spines in a marginal zone more or less broad, commencing at the point of the
snout and terminating somewhat before the terminal portion of the groups of pectoral cards which
are generally speaking comprised in the said zone; the following zone, comprising the rest of the back
of the pectoral fins and of the trunk, is naked with the exception of the proper median party, which
begins at the point of the snout, embraces the interorbital .space and is continued over the median
portion of the trunk and the whole backside of the tail. Covered with larger spines of the A', radiafa-
type are especially the back of the snout, the space between the eyes especially the supraorbital margin,
a rather broad scapular party with many spines and a broad zone at the median part of the back, con-
tinued on and covering the whole dorsal part of the tail. According to the more or less pronounced
stoutness of the tail, there may be counted 3, 4 or 5 spines be.side each other, forming rather regular

THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF>. EXPEDITIONS.

rows, with numerous fine or somewhat larger spinules on the lateral margins of this part of the body.
The teeth are small, fine and pointed ; I counted c. 34 rows from one corner of the mouth to the other.
The dorsal fins are closely approximated, not even completely separated. The specimen No. I is light
grayish on the back, uniformh- dark on the belly; on the other hand No. II is quite white on the
belly, light brownish-grayish on the back. On the ventral face there are, as most commonly in the
Skates, no thorns at all.

A younger male, 201""" long and 106™'" broad,
from the Davis Strait ( 235 fathoms ) with minute
genital appendices is mentioned b}- me previously
(1. c. 1891, p. 32). I therefore restrain myself to some
brief remarks on this specimen, compared with the
here described adult males. The point of the snout
is hardly visible as such. The pectoral margin of
the disk is slightly sinuous, not forming a quite
straight line; but a sharp incision does not occur.
The back is quite covered with small sjjines until
towards the posterior margin of the pectoral fins;
also the ventral fins are partially thorny, while at a
later stage they are naked. But between this uni-
form clothing of the trunk, the fins and the tail
some spines a little larger make their ajipearance,
some on the back of the snout, 3 pairs of supra-
orbitals, one pair of suprascapulars and a single row
of about 37 in the median line of the back, com-
mencing behind the head and continued almost to
the dorsal fins on the tail — accompanied on the
back of the tail by middle-sized spines forming the
transition to the general clothing with spinelets.
Thus during the growth of the animal a rich
development of larger spines takes place untill the
above described stage of evolution is attained. The

color of the back is brown with some more or less distinct round specks and 2 lighter parties on
each pectoral, rather posteriorly. The ventral surface is light with brownish spots and marbled.

A still younger male, 115"'™ long and 60'"'" broad, likewise from the Davis Strait at 289
fathoms depth, has no distinct point of the snout and no sinuation of the margin of the disk. The
spinulation is essentially the same as in the first described younger male, with the difference that
there are a few more supraorbital and scapular spines (a group of three on each side of the median line)
and that on the tail only the median series is of a superior size. The dorsal surface is handsomely-
painted with larger or smaller round spots or belts (on the tail) which partially also are apparent on
the thinner portion of the pectorals and ventrals.

/fa/a Fylla: jun. feni. The typical specimen,
somewhat diminished.

THE FISHES OF THE -TNGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

The young female, previously described and figured by nie — historically then the type of
the species— 198""" in length and loi"-" in breadth — from the Davis Strait at the depth of 80 fathoms,
resembles the younger males just bespoken, especially the youngest, in shape, spinulation and coloring,
which it is not necessary to specify nearer, as the actual reproduction here in the text (p. 5) gives
the necessary details. It may be observed however that the colored spots are much smaller than in
the smallest male at hand. As older females are not at hand, it can not yet be said if those will
habitually be more like the adult male, or how great the difference will turn out between the sexes
in the sexually mature state.

Raja oniata Garman which has onh' been better known to me from fig. 24 of the Oceanic
Ichthyology* resembles so much to m\- R. Fylhc, that it would desire a closer examination to determine
if it is not the same species, what perhaps is not unlikely. It must be observed however that of
the specimens hitherto bespoken of R. ornata the typical specimen is from Florida (Alligator Key) at
138 fathoms, the 3 others from 142 fathoms at 32 ' 24' Lat. North, 78" 44' Long. W., thus from a much
more southern zone, a circumstance that might weaken the presumption of this identit\-, for whose
confirmation an immediate comparison would be necessary.

Deep-sea-Eels: Synaphobranchus and Nemichthys fSerriuomerJ.

Of the former genus of deep-sea-eels the <Ingolf^> has brought home 2 specimens, that I have
been able to compare with a specimen of Syiiaphobraiichus piniiatus from the Northamerican deep-sea
expeditions.

Under the name of Synaphobrauchus piiinatiis is mentioned in the (.Catalogue of fish collected
and described of L. Th. Gronov edited by J.E.Gray (1854), a Mura;noid described in the « Museum
Ichthyologicuni!. of Gronov, II, p. 11, Nr. 161, which typical specimen was however wanting in Gronovs
collection and therefore not passed to the British Museum, when the museum purchased the said col-
lection. Rut Johnson & Lowe obtained some specimens at Madeira and the latter described it as
Synaphohraiicliiis Kaupii (Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 169). After Dr. Giinther having in his -Catalogue
of Fishes in the British Museum^ (VIII, 1874) renamed it with the specific name of Gray and Gronov,
it occurs now in the ichthyological literature again as Syiiapliobraiichus piiiiiattis. The American
deep-sea-investigations have demonstrated its occurrence at depths of 304—740 fathoms in the sea off
the eastern shores of the United vStates (f. inst. between the St. George bank and South-Carolina).
Goode og Bean in -Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.» X, p. 223 enumerate 84 specimens from 33' -39° Lat.
North and 65°~76° Long. West. Compare the v Oceanic Ichthyology* p. 143, fig. 164. A great number
of Stations is enumerated. The expedition of the -Challenger discovered it in greater or smaller
numbers of specimens at different stations (off Brasil, south of Japan and south of the Philipines etc.)
at depths of 214—1200 fathoms. The French expeditions ( le Travailleur , le Talisman ) have brought
together a great number (56) of specimens from the coast of Tvlarocco and the west coast of North

THE FISHES OF THE .INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

Africa, from the Azores and from the Canarian and Capoverdian islands and from depths between
405 og 3200 Metres. Also the prince of Monaco obtained it at the Azores in great numbers, in
several draughts of the weel , parth- in the company of Siine^ichelys parasiticus ^ relatively 251 and
328 specimens. Compare: Collett's Resultats des campagnes scientifiques*, «Poissons p. 154. The
S. pinnatus is figured by Giinther (-Report on deep-sea fishes;; pi. 62, fig. A) and by Vaillant
(«Expeditions scientifiques •> p. 88, pi. 6, fig. 2). Other species of the same genus are figured and described:
S. bafhvbius Gthr. (south of Japan, in the northern part of the Pacific and between Cape and Kerguelen,
; Report on deep-sea fishes; p. 254, pi. 62, fig. B), at 1375 — 2050 fathoms, perhaps identical with Histio-
hranchus iufcnialis Gill. (Proc. Un. St. Nat. :\Ius. VI, 1884, p. 255), The Atlantic: 38° 30' 30" Lat. North,
69" 08' 25" Long. West, depth 1731 fathoms. Compare also the <,Oceanic Ichthyology* p. 145, fig. 165.
The authors of this work take the genera Synapliobranclius and Histiobrajicluis as different, partly also
the species of //. bathybius and H. iiiferiinlis ^ and it would therefore be the most correct thing to
retain the later name for the northatlantic type. Further: .S'. brcvidorsalis Gthr. (1. c. p. 255, pi. 63, fig. C)
from North of New Guinea and South of Japan (345 — 1070 fathoms).

«Ingolf captured 2 specimens of a Syiiaphobraiichiis (or, according to Goode and Bean, of
a Hisfiobraiic/iiis)^ 16 and 1872 inch, long, at the stations 36 and 37 on 61° 50' L,at. North, 56° 21' Long.
West and on 60" 17' Lat. North, 54° 05' Long. W., depth 1435 and 1715 fathoms where the bottom was a
grayish or light chocolate-coloured mud and the bottom-temperature 1^.5 or i°.4 C. It will be sufficient
to state of those Histiobranclii of the «Ingolf t , that the small pectorals (of the length of the snout)
the position of the anus and the fact that the dorsal fin reaches almost to the head, make it evident
that they do not belong to Synapliobranclius piiiiiatus^ but either to //. bailiybius or to Gill's H. infer-
iialis, if tliese are not synonyms.

The geografical distribution of the same species will at the same time be elucidated as far as
it is known at present.

Nemichthys (Serrivomer) Beanii Gill & Ryder.

Of this species < Ingolf » captured on the Stations 12 and 20, at 64^38' Lat. North, 32° 37' Long.
West, and on 58 20' Lat. North, 40^' 48' Long. W\, in the Denmark Strait and S. S. E. of Cape Farewell,
at a depth of 1040 and 1695 fathoms, on a bottom of soft mud with pebbles and a bottom-temperature
of o°.3 and I'^.s C. two not fully well preserved specimens of the said deep-sea-eel-genus. A third some-
what better was obtained at Station 45: 61° 32' Lat. N. and 9^43' Long. W., West of the Faroe Islands
on a depth of 643 fathoms, light gray muddy bottom with G/obio-cri/ia-sheWs and a bottom-temperature
of 4°.i7 C. It is a rather large specimen, 26 inches long; it is noted in the zoological Journal of the
expedition in the following manner: slower side of the head quite black, the sides of the trunk and
back bronzeously gilt with numerous fine black points;;.

Goode and Bean have in the •; Oceanic Ichthyology » given a figure (fig. 175) of Scrriiioiuer
Beanii Gill & Ryder which agrees well with the 3 specimens at hand. The shape is much elongated,
the length of the head from the point of the beak to the branchial fissure being contained 6 — 7 times
in the total length, further on somewhat compressed and tapering to a long pointed tail, whose length

THE FIvSHEvS OF THE «INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

reckoned from the anus is three fourths of the total length. The jaws are moderately elongated, the
length of the upper jaw measured from tlie anterior margin of the eye is contained twice and a half in
the whole length of the head. The month reaches backwards xnider the eyes, which are not absolutely
small. The branchial openings are very wide, obliquely placed slits in the median ventral line, almost
continuous. The jaws are armed with fine teeth, and the vomer wears a long series of denselv placed
pointed teeth. The very small pectorals are placed at the upper end of the branchial slit. The
dorsal fin is represented by a series of very delicate and short rays beginning somewhat behind the
anus, also the rays of the anal fin are very feeble, but perhajDS somewhat longer. The soft blue-black
skin is more or less lacerated in all the 3 specimens btit partially preserved. The measures are the
following:

Total length 680""" 570""™ 510'"'^

The length of the head to the branchial slit 100 - 93 - 85 -

The length of the beak to the corners of the mouth ... 42 - 37 - 35 -
Trunk and head from the point of the snout to the anus 170 - 135 - 123 -
Length of the tail from the anus 510 - 435 - 387 -

The Scrrivoiner Beanii was known hitherto from a single sj^ecimen caught by the Albatross
at 41° 40' 30" Lat. North, 65" 28' 30" Long. W. and at 855 fathoms depth. It is described by Gill and
Ryder in 1883 (Proc. U. vS. Nat. Mus. VI, p. 260) together with a related type Spiiu'voiiicr Goodci, also
taken by the •; Albatross ;• in the northern Atlantic likewise in a single specimen. Both the generic
names are derived from the armature of the vomer with large teeth. Goode and Bean have in the
«Oceanic Ichthyology; p. 155 distinguished them as a separate group of nemichth^id murfenoids:
SpinwovteridaL\ to which is further referred the A^ciiiichthys (Serripes) Richardi \'aill., captured b\- the
«Talisman» at the Azores on 2995 fathoms and originally con.sidered by Vaillant ( v Exp. scientifiqnes
Travailleur et Talisman , p. 93, pi. VH, fig. i — la) as identic with Giinthers: Nciiiichfliys iiifaiis
(Chall. Rep. vol. XXII, p. 264, pi. 63), but in the «Appendice> (p. 385) to the said work established as a
separate species.

Alepocephalus Agassizii Goode et Bean.

Besides the A. rostra fiis already known to Risso from the Mediterranean and from adjoining
parts of the Atlantic as far as the Azores, the Canarian and Capoverdian islands — for which species
besides the older figures by Risso and Valenciennes I may refer to Vaillant s Expeditions
scientifiqnes :> (pi. XI and XII) and to «Oceanic Ichthyologys (p. 36, fig. 41) — some other atlantic
species have been described especially by American ichthyologists: A. Agassizii G. B., A. prodiicfiis G\\\
A. Bairdii G. B., Conocara Mc. Doiialdi G. B. and A. (C.) umcroptcrus \^aill., for which species I ma\-
refer to sOceanic Ichthyology p. 37-39, fig- 45, 46, 47, 48 og 43. A further addition is A. Giardi
(Koehler: Resultats scientifiqnes de la campagne du Caudan ;, Annales de I'Universite de L}'on
fasc. Ill, p. 513, pi. XXVI, fig. i) at a depth of 800 — 1410 metres. Bay of Biscay. On the second cruise
of the Ingolf; was obtained an Alcpoccplialits ^ 20Y4 inch long (530"™), no doubt an A. ^Igassizii, at

THE FISHES OF THE aNGOLF» EXPEDITIONS.

Station 83: 62° 25' Lat. N., 28^ 30' Long. W., at a depth of 912 fathoms, S. W. of Iceland, with a bottom-
temperature of 3.5 C. The height of the body i.s contained somewhat more than 5 times (i : 5.3) in
the total length, reckoned to a line between the points of the caudal fin; the length of the head
(164'""') is one third of the total length (to the cleft of the caudal fin); the diameter of the eye equals
the distance from the eye to the point of the snout, not one fourth of the length of the head; the
upper jaw terminates in a line with the posterior border of the pupil; the breadth of the somewhat
hollow front is somewhat smaller than the ocular diameter or the snout.

On the southern and eastern hemisphere Alepoccplialus is partly represented by Bathyfrnctcs,
which should perhaps be united with Alcpocephaliis. Of the 10 species enumerated in <;Oceanic
Ichthyology ' 7 are Atlantic.

Scopelmi.

Species of Scopchts are caught at 8 «stations., but they have almost all suffered so nmch
from their being taken in dredges or the trawls, that the light-spots are only visible in part. Some
specimens I have identified as S. donga 1 11 s\ the others belong to the less elongate species. The
following list therefore tells, that in the zone traversed by the «Ingolf» between 61° and 65° Lat. North
are to be found the species of Scopcliis enumerated at the noted depths, on the bottom, if they are
not captured during the bawling up of the implements used; but experience will also show that it
is not through bottom fishery, that one may procure a good material of these animals, equalling that
furnished by the surface.

I refer the reader to my «Bidrag til nordisk Ichthyographi VIII. Nogle nordiske Laxesild
(Scopelini) : in the «Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn:, 1881,
and to tSpolia Atlantica, Scopelini Musei Zoologici etc. ■■ (K. D. Vid. Selsk. Skrifter 6. Rsekke, VII, 6).

Stat. Lat. N. Lgtd. \V. Fathoms

12
17
25
27

35

40

81

141

64'' 38' 32=37

62' 49' 26° 55'

63 30' 54° 25'

64-54' 55° 10'

65" 16' 55" 05'

62- 00' 21° 36'

61' 44' 27° 00'

63" 22' 6" 58'

1040 (Denmark Strait, W. of Iceland) Sc. clongatus Risso and Sc. glacialis Rhdt.

745 (S. W. of Iceland) Scop, orcticus Ltk.

582 (W. of Godthaab) Scop, arcticits L,tk.

393 (S. W. of Sukkertoppen) Scop, glacialis Rhdt.

362 (same place) Scop, glacialis Rhdt.

845 (S. of Iceland) Scop, clongatus Risso.

485 (S. W. of Iceland) |

I Scop, glacialis Rhdt.

679 (East of Iceland) )

Cyclothone (Gonostoma) microdon Gthr.

For this widely diffused species I shall refer to my remarks in my «Korte Bidrag til nordisk
Ichthyographi VIII (< Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening* 1891, p. 216 — 19,
article 5 on Gonostoma (Cyclothone) niicrodoji Gthr. and to my description and figure in my «Spolia
Atlantica, Scopelini Musei Zoologici etc.;. (K. D. Vid. Selsk. Skr. (6) VII, 6, tab. II, fig. 4—5). At an
early time (1843) we got this little Scopelid from the Baffin Ba)-. The (Challenger Expedition, got

The Ingolf-Expedition. II, t. 2

lO

THE FISHES OF THE -INGOLF,. EXPEDITIONS.

it from many places in the Atlantic (both in its northern and sonthern parts) and in the indo-pacific
sea (S. of Japan, N. of New Guinea, off Amboina etc.). Other localities are cited by Vaillant (1. c,
Ncostoiiia quadrioc-itlatuDi), by Alcock (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.» 1889, p. 399, the Bengal Bay and the
Andamans at 265 — 485 fathoms), by Collett ( Campagnes scientifiqnes;>, p. 130), and by Gilbert
(«The ichthyol. Coll. of the U. S. F. C. St. Albatross :■, Report U. S. Comm. Fish. a. Fisheries for 1893,
p. 402, the Bering-Sea) and in • Oceanic Ichthyologys p. 100. The distribution of the species turns out
to be almost cosmopolitic. The latter work cites besides the C. iiilcrodon (lusca G. & B.) C. bathyphila
VailL, C.clongataGWvL.{stigiiiatic7is Q,\\\.)^ C. gracilis Q>^X\x. and C. qiiadrioatlafusYa.\\\., already mentioned
as probably identical with C. microdoii. On the expeditions of the Ingolf » the C. inicrodon has several
times been captured as appears in rather deej? water; some of the specimens are, it is true, rather
damaged. The station-list given below will at least illustrate the frequency of these small fishes in
the subarctic zone of which it treats.

Station Lat. N. Lartd. W. Path.

9:

n:
12:

17:
18:

^\

.^

''xff\

64° 18' 27" 00' 295 West of Iceland.
64° 34' 31° 12' 1300 West of Iceland.

64° 38' 32*^ 37' 1040 West of Iceland (numerous specimens).
62" 49' 26'' 55' 745 Southwest of Iceland.
61' 44' 30° 29' 1135 Entrance of Denmark Strait.
21: 58" 01' 44° 45' 1330 South of Greenland.
25: 63" 30' 54" 25' 582 Southwest of Godthaab.
36: 61 50' 56" 21' 1435 Southwest of Sukkertoppen.
40: 62" 00' 21' 36' 845 South of Iceland.

975 Southwest of Iceland.
806 Southwest of Iceland.

Entrance of Denmark Strait.
Somewhat more to the North.
Denmark Strait.

485
912

67: 61-30' 22" 30,

76 : 60" 50' 26" 50'

81: 61 44' 27-00'

83: 62-25' 28° 30'

84: 62=58' 25=24'

91: 64'= 44' 31-00' 1236 Likewise.

95: 65 14' 30" 39' 752 Likewise.

96 : 65° 24' 29° 00' 735 Likewise.
The depth thus varied, after the trawling journal, from 295 to 1435 fathoms. The bottom-
temperatures noted varied from 0^.3 to 6°.i C. The Ingolf > expeditions never got this species north of
the ridges between Greenland and Iceland, and between Iceland and the Faroe-Islands. On most of
the enumerated stations there was fished with vertical nets too, reaching to a depth of 100- -200 fath.
withouth any Cyclothonc being caught, although small fi.shes and young ones were taken.

Cyclothone (?) megalops n. sp. ad int. (Table 4, fig. 6).

Together with a great number of Cyclotlione microdoii captured at Station 12 — 64= 38' Lat. N.,
32° 37' Long. West, 1040 fathoms — there occurred a single specimen of a length of 70'"'", habitually

THE FISHES OF THE *INGOLF» EXPEDITIONS. II

looking much like the said species, but diff erring by the eyes not being particularly small and by
totally wanting the light-glands or f photospheres >. It can therefore apparently hardly be referred to the
same genus. The dorsal and anal fins are very like those of C. microdo)i^ though with the difference
that the dorsal fin begins somewhat before the anal fin, while this on the other hand ends somewhat
farther back than the dorsal fin. Quite black. — A somewhat larger specimen (105""^) from Station 9
— 64^ 18' Lat. North and 27' Long. W. , 295 fathoms — is so badly preserved, that it gives only the
information that the eyes are not small and that both jaws are armed with small teeth directed
obliqueh- backwards, with a few longer ones in the foremost part of the lower jaw and the foremost
part of the palate or the intermaxillary. The nearer determination of this specimen must be reser\'ed
for a future discovery.

It seems evident that these specimens belong to species else unknown, but as the material is
so scanty I shall limit myself to the short preliminary notes made above.

The Notacanths.

For a long time, only few specimens of the remarcable group, the Notacanthini ^ were known
of the type termed Cauipylodon (tBugtetauden ) by Otto Fabricius (Skrifter af Naturhistorie
Selskabet, Vol. IV, fasc. II (1798), p. 22 — 38, pi. 9, fig. i), but inserted in the system as Notacatithus
Chenmitzii Bl. (Abhaudlungen der bohmischen Gesellschaft, 1787) or as NotacantJnis nasus Bl. (Aus-
landische Fische, IX, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte der Fische, XII, p. 113 (1793), pL 431); Schneider,
«Systema ichthyologise > (1801), pi. ']■]. The older Reinhardt designated it in his «Ichthyologiske
Bidrag> (Viden.sk. Selsk. Skr. VII) p. 120 as Cainpylodoii Fabricii, but now-a-days it is generally better
known as N'otacantlins iiasns. These few specimens are i) The original Greenland .specimen of
Fabricius, which, it must be deplored, in the course of time has been lost — I can not say at what
time. 2) The specimen received by Bloch from Chemnitz, probabl}- from Iceland, though it was
stated to come < from India . It is described and figured in Cuvier's and Valenciennes's «Histoire
naturelle des poissons: VIII, p. 467, pi. 241. It is still preserved, as has been stated subsequently, in
the Berlin-Museum in a rather deteriorated condition. 3) A third large specimen was received at our
museum in 1871 from Greenland; it is mentioned and partly described by me in 1878 in the «Viden-
skabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening . 4) The specimen obtained from Iceland for
the ]Museum of Paris on the voyage of la Recherche* or rather as a consequence of this voyage
(Gaimard: Voyage en Islande et an Groulaud, Poisson.s, pi. XI); Vaillant mentions this specimen
(Expeditions scientifiques p. 316) as being from < Greenland •, but that is not correct. It is figured twice
in the edition illustree du - Regne animal > de Cuvier (Poissons pi. 55, fig. 2) and in the above quoted
itinerary by Gaimard. The question if these 4 arctic specimens should perhaps represent more
than a single species did not attract the attention for a long time to come. But now some Mediter-
ranean species were discovered: N'ot. Bonapartii Risso (Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte 1840, p. 376;
Mem. Acad. d. Sc. Torino, t. XVIII, p. 190) and A^. viediterranczts Fil. & Verany (Mem. Acad. d. Sc.

12 THE FISHES OF THE < INGOLF > EXPEDITIONS.

Torino, t. XVIII, p. 187; Vaillant: Recherches scientifiques etc. p. 325, pi- 27, fig. 2 ). Further an
Australian species (N. scxspinis Richardson, « Voyage of H. M. ships Erebus and Terror , Fishes p. 54,
pi. 32, fig. 4 — 11; described and figured again in Gxinther's < Report on deep-sea fishes (Challenger)
p. 243, pi. 60, fig. 9 — 15 and pi. 61, fig. A). Then, in deeper water on the eastern side of North America
were found 2 species: N. aiialis (Gill: Proceedings United States National Museum, VI (1883, p. 255)
and N. fhasganorus (Goode: Proc. Un. St. Nat Museum, III (1881), p. 435, Oceanic Ichthyology* p. 167,
fig. 186). The question did now arise, if the individual or specific variation had not been supposed to
be larger than it is in reality, and if not one or some of the arctic .specimens enumerated above could
be referred to the species established by the American authors. L,eon Vaillant has expressed the
oijinion that the Icelandic specimens from « la Recherche could be referred to iV. phasgaiwrus Goode.
My own earlier studies of the material at hand or described elsewhere induced me to conclude that
the then known Icelandic or Greenlandian specimens should be determined as ^V. iiasiis. According
to Mr. Bean and Goode (Oceanic Ichthyology p. 166) N. Boiiapartii and N. mcditcn-aiints should
not be different, but some authors are of the opinion, that the species from the westcoast of South
America designated with one of these names [N. Bonaparfii, Giinthers Report etc. p. 249, tab. 61,
fig. C) is a proper species and genus, now termed GiglioUa Moselcyi (-Oceanic Ichthyology ■> p. 169,
fig. 187, 193).

To quite another type belongs a Nofacauf/iiis of the subgenus PolyacaiitJionotus Gthr. and of
the particiilar subdivision termed Macdoiialdia^ brought home by «Ingolf s expedition in 1895. The
species has already been described twice by Collett (Diagnoses de poissons nouveaux provenant
des campagnes de rHirondelle» : Bulletin de la Societe zoologique, 1883, V-}P1\ ^'^^1 Resultats des
campagnes scientifiques par Albert V' , prince souverain de Monaco, pars X, Poissons provenant des
campagnes du yacht THirondelles, 1896, p. 48, pi. 5, fig. 21) and h\ Brown Goode & Tarleton Bean
(A revision of the order Heferoiiii, deep-sea fishes, with a description of the new generic types Mac-
do7ialdia and Lipogenys, Proc. Unit. Stat. National Museum t. 17 (1894), p. 455, pi. 18, fig. 2; «Oceanic
Ichthyology) p. 171 pi. 51, fig. 189 and pi. 52, fig. 195). Of other species belonging to the same type
are known the Mediterranean N. rissoajnis (Filippi &l Verany: Mem. Acad. Sc. Torino, t XVIII,
p. 190; Vaillant: (Expeditions scientifiques » p. 335, pi. 27, fig. i, coast of Marocco, 2212 metres) and
the Japan form, designated by Giinther (Report on deep-sea fishes p. 250, pi. 61, fig. B; Vaillant
1. c. p. 387) under the same name, but to which Vaillant and the oft mentioned American scientists
now agree to apply a new name (A^. Challejigcri Vaill.).

As Polyacautlionohis (Alacdonaldia) rostraiits Coll. is new for the ocean bespoken here the
Ingolfian specimen deserves to be mentioned in a more particular fashion. As in the related sjaecies
the body is elongate, somewhat compressed and tapers to a rather flagelliform caudal portion; the
head is small and terminates in a soft, somewhat pointed snout. The total length to the point of the
caudal fin is 355"""; the greatest hight (over the anus) c. 29""", approximatively ^12 of the total length
(the specimen described by Collett was 480™™, the tail being 275™™, the greatest height 37""", the length
of the head 46'""). The distance from the point of the snout to the anus is 120™"', or about '/s of the
total length, that of the tail the double of the length of the head and the trunk taken together or
^/j of the whole. The eyes are small, their diameter and the distance between them being 5™-" or '/s

THE FISHES OF THE <.1NG0LF» EXPEDITIONS.

13

of the length of the head (to the posterior border of the gill-cover); the length of the snout from the
eye to the point of the snout is 13""' or '/a oi the total length of the head, from the mouth to the
point of the snout about the half (6"""); the mouth is small, semilunar in shape and situated on the
lower side of the snout, the corners of the mouth are vertically below the anterior nostrils. The
nostrils are placed close together before the eye. The teeth are fine. The upper jaw ends posteriorly
with a rather strong spine.

The pectoral fins have a length of 18"""; their ra}-s are 14. The ventral fins number 10 rays,
none of which can be termed a spinous ray, the external one being however thin and delicate. The
row of spinous dorsal rays begins exactly over the posterior border of the branchostegal membrane;
it numbers 33 spinous rays (the specimen of Collett had 27, that of Goode & Bean 28 — 31,
jV. Challengeri 34, N. rissoanus 37), they are short and isolated, their mutual distance somewhat
surpassing their length, but they become longer and more distant from each other posteriorly; the
connecting dermal part is very slight. The spinous rays of the anal fin are also short, but nevertheless
much longer than those of the dorsal fin, and they are much more closely approximated to each other
than the dorsals. As they approach to the soft rayed portion the connecting dermal skin becomes
more distinct. The number of these spinous rays can be reckoned to be about 45 (in Collett's spe-
cimen 53, in that of Goode and Bean it is given as 42 — 53; in A''. Cliallciigrri 54, in N. rissoatnis 27),
but an absolute limit can not be drawn between the .spinous and the soft-rayed part of the fin, when
the rays, preserving their undivided shape, become longer, more delicate, articulate and united with a
full fin-membrane. The number of rays in this anal fin may be counted as about 190 (perhaps 192 — 93).
In the last part of the tail the hight of the anal fin considerably exceeds that of the tail itself. A
caudal fin of 4 rays ma)' be pointed out.

The scales are very delicate. A distinct lateral line may be traced forwards from a point
under the last spinous dorsal ray but three; after this point it is less distinct, and is likewise becomes
indistinct towards the eye, but reappears then distinctly as an infraorbital line. On the trunk proper
its position is nearer to the back than to the belly, but as the body decreases in height its position
becomes nearer to the middle height of the body. On the snout are seen several pores, especially a
distinct series of such along the inferior margin of the preopercle and of the lower jaw. The colour
is a light chocolate colour, somewhat spotted, the opercle is internally black, pellucid towards the
margin; also the lips; the inferior portion of the anal fin is also relatively dark.

Our only specimen of this Polyacaiif/ionofus or Alacdonaldia was taken at a depth of 362
fathoms on station 35 (65° 16' Lat. North, 55° 05' Long. West). The bottom was a brownish mud with
arenaceous foraminifera and pebbles; the temperature was 3^.6 C. The specimen of the prince of
Monaco was taken off Newfoundland on a depth of 1267 metres, those of Goode and Bean at 551
and 563 fathoms, at 39° 47 — 48' Lat. North and 70° 30 — 36' Long. West. The vertical distribution may
therefore be fixed provisionally at 360 — 960 fathoms, the geographical distribution to the western part
of the Atlantic from Newfoundland to the Baffin Bav.

14

THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF>. EXPEDITIONS.

Cyciopteriikc and Liparididw.
Cyclopterus (Eumicrotremus) spinosus (P'abr.).

Of this well-known arctic species the «Ingolf»-Expedition has brought home a yonng specimen
captured southwest of Sukkertoppen on station 33, 67" 57' Lat. North, 55° 30' Long. West, at 35 fathoms,
sandy bottom, with a bottom-temperature of o°.8 C.

The species is known from Greenland, Norway, Iceland and Spitsbergen and from some parts
of the east coast of America («Oceanic Ichthyology^ p. 272) and from the Bering-Sea as Cycloptents
cr/^/j Gthr. (Catal. Fishes III, p. 158). It is also noted in Gilbert's paper of 1896 on the north-pacific
fishes (p. 448) with a note that the identity of C. orbis and C. spiiipsus ought to be confirmed through
the confrontation of both tyjjes, while C. orbis is named without an}- further remark in Jordan and
Starks's t,The fishes of Puget Sound> (1895) p. 829 (Leland Stanford jun. University publication.s.
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series II, vol. V).

Liparis Reinhardti and L. micropus Gthr.

Those, who may have consulted my little paper of 1886 on the Liparida- (vDijmphna expedition)
or that of Collett from 1880 («Norske Nordhavs Expedition:), will be aware, that the results arrived
at by us with respect to the northern Liparids were generally the following. We know i) a Liparis
Montagid T>o\\. and 2) a Liparis liiicatus {Li&^&c\\\\\)^ both of which make their appearance in unicoloured,
spotted and striated varieties, the latter type perhaps identical as species with L. htuicatiis and to be
considered as a minor variety or stage of evolution of the arctic form, which can attain a considerable
size and be furnished with a sort of small corneous tubercles or scales. 3) Liparis Fabricii Kr. (with
the variety L. Icprosa m.), best known from the Kara-Sea, determined after an original specimen of
Kroyer's species, but after my opinion not to be identified with L. tuiiicatus^ as it will be seen has
been done. 4) L. Reinhardti Kr., regarded by several as type for a particular genus (Careprocius), what
I do not find necessary, but further identified with L. gcla/iitosiis Pall, perhaps correctly, though I can
not take upon me the responsibility of his identification.

The result arrived at by F. Smitt in his great and handsome work on the < Fishes of
Scandinavian does not differ much, but somewhat from that exposed above. He has i) a Cyclogaster
Montag2ii\ 2) a C. liparis^ comprising a) as <!foniia inicrops > the varieties C. lincatus^ vulgaris, barbatus
and fiiiiicafus^ b) as : forma megalops>-> my L. Fabricii] 3) C. gelaiinosiis Pall, o: L. (Careproctus) Rcin-
liardti^ to which Liparis (Careproctus) micropus Gthr. perhaps also must be reckoned as a synonym.

I shall add a review, as short as possible, of the further and extra-Scandinavian development
of the Z-/j6«r/j- question. Garmau's monograph of the Discoboli (CyclopleridcF , Liparopsidce and
Liparididce) (Memoirs of the jMuseum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College vol. XIV, No. 2)
distinguishes first a division, Cyclopteridce with the genera and species: Cyclopterus (lumpusj, Eumicro-
tremus (spinosus and orbis) and Cyclopteroides gyrinops. The last mentioned type from St. Paul's Island
(Alaska) is distinguished partly by the position of small barbels along the margin of the lower jaw
(cj). the figures t. XI, fig. 4 — 9; p. 37 it is said in a less definite manner: ..chin with tubular pores, or

THE FISHES OF THE INGOLF> EXPEDITIONS. jr

barbels »). The second division Liparopsidce comprises Cyclopterichthys veniricosns (Pallas) [identified
with the Cycloptcrus glabcr of Steindachner («Ichth3'ologische Beitrage* X, p. 14, pi. 8) from Kam-
schatka and the sea of Okotsh| and Cycloptcrus ariiissiis Vaillant (Strait of Magellan, <-Mis.sion scienti-
fiqne dii Cap Horn p. 33) and Liparops Strllcri [^2l\\z.s). Among the trne Liparididce are mentioned
of the genns Liparis i) L. Montagiii (t. VII, fig. 6 — 20 and VIII, fig. 8 — 11 ) with several synonyms from
European and Eastamerican places 2) L. viiicnsits Ayr. (Tab. V, fig. i — 5, Tab. IX, fig. i, Tab. X, fig. A)
(California, Alaska etc.); 3) L. caUiodon (Pall.) identified with L. cyclopiis Gthr.) (t. VI, fig. i — 5) (Kam-
schatka); 4) L. liparis L. (= L. lincatns Lepecli., Kr.), L. vulgaris Fl., L. harbaliis Ekst. (from European
and American seas) Tab. VII, fig. i — 5,21,22; 5) L. autarctica Putn. (t. VI, fig. 6 — 10), according to Gill
an Eiiantioliparis (sonthmost part of Southamerica). To the genus or subgenus Careliparis is referred
i) C. liparis Bl. Cuv. (= L.gibbus Bean) (tab. I — III) (Behring's-Strait etc.), 2) C. tunicahis Rhdt. [L. arctica
Gill, Fabricii Kr., liiicatiis Coll. p. p., 3) C ^/"r/w^v?/ Fischer (^«fl«//i9/i')iff;7>, South-Georgia), \) L. pidchclbis
Ayr. (t. IV, t. V, fig. 6 — 8, t. VIII, fig. 4—7, 12—14), 5) L. pallidus Vaill. (Tierra del Fuego, «Missions
scientifiques • pi. IV, fig. 3). Under Careprochis are noted C. micropiis Gthr. (Challenger, Report
pi. XII, fig. B); the Gymnolycodes Edwarsii of Vaillant (<' Expeditions scientifiques > t. 26, fig. 3) is
thought perhaps to be the same species, further C. major (of which more below) C. gclatinosits (Pall.)
and C. Rciiiliardh\ which is not identified with C. gclatiiwsus^ but with L. raiiula G. & B.

In < Oceanic Ichth^-ology- are named, not only Paraliparis and the nearest allied apodal types,
the so called Auiittri)icr^ 3 genera of true Liparids, viz i) Liparis (Artedi): Expl. Cycloptcrus liparis E.
= C. liucatus Lepech., Kr., L. vulgaris Fl., L. barbatus Ekst. 2) Careliparis (compare the monograph
of Garman cited above). 3) Careproctus Kr., distinguished after the old definition by the ventral disk
being small and placed below the head. Further is noted L. (C.) Rrinhardti Kr. , in which some
have meant to recognise the Cycloptcrus gclaliiiosus of Pallas and which is therefore termed C. gclati-
nosus (Pall.); an allied type is designed C. spectrum Bean from Alaska; further a C. raiiula G. & B.
(fig. 251), fished off Halifax, and C. micropus Gthr.; and finally a species termed C. major^ answering
to the Liparis or Actinochir lua/or of the Northamerican ichthyologists (the denomination after the
i Cycloptcrus liparis var. iiuy'or ■ of Fabricius) and identified with the Greenlandian L. tunica fa and with
the Z. Fabricii described in - Kara-Havets Fiske» (after my opinion identical with Kroyer's species of
the same name, but in no way with L^. tuuicatus Reinhardt). A doubt (well founded I believe) is also
expressed, whether this Liparis be really a Carcproctusl

Of other Liparids are named in Jordans and Starks's paper on the fishes of Puget
Sound Ncoliparis Florcr and N. Grcciii, N. iiiucosus Ayr., N. callyodon Pall. {= Z. mucosus Garm.),
L. cyclopiis Gthr., L. Dcnnyi J. St., L. fucciicis Gilb. and L. pidchcllus Ayr. Others are further
mentioned in Gilbert's The ichthyological collections of U. F. C. St. <Albatross during 1890 — gi*
from the sea off the coast of California: Careproctus mclaiiurus G. with the rather important
remark, that the <:disk» becomes smaller with age, but that its place like that of the anus remains
unaltered. Further are named from Unalaska and Alaska etc. a Careproctus cctencs Gr., C". Collcti G.,
C. phasma G., C. simus G., C. ostcntuin Gilb. (the disk reduced to a rudiment), Gyrinichthys (n. g.) miny-
trcmus, Lihiitoliparis (n. g.) barbulifcr, Bafliyp/iasma (n. g.) ovigeruiii Gilb., Liparis pulchellus Ayr., L. cy-

34:

67° 17'

54° 17'

67:

61" 30'

22" 30'

92:

64" 44'

32° 52'

Ii6:

70" 05'

8= 26'

126:

bf 19'

15' 52'

141:

63' 22'

6° 58'

^5 THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF-> EXPEDITIONS.

clopus Gthr., L. Agassizi Putn., L. cvclostigina Gilb., L. fiicciisis (= L. calUodon) Garman, Ncoliparis
callyodon Pall. [= L. iiiiicosiis Garm.), L. gibbiis Bean.

This synopsis should approximativeh- illustrate the actual floating condition of this rather
hopeless Liparis question per tot discrimina rerun: .

Some specimens brought home by the &Ingolf» expedition (generally in a less good condition)
from cold and deep water are perhaps better or equally correctly to be termed L. micropits. Of the
relation between this species and L. Rrinliardti I shall not give a personal opinion. After the localities
they are from

Station Lat. N. Long. W. Fath.

55 Sandy bottom, Bottom-temp. o°.g C. West of Greenland, Davis Strait.

975 Bottom-temp. 3" C. South of Cape Reykjantes.

976 Bottom-temp. i°.4 C. West of Iceland, Denmark Strait.
371 Brown Biloculina clay, Bottom-temp. -^ 0^.4 C. South of Jan Mayen.
293 Grayish brown, blue clayish mud, Bott.-temp. -^o°.5 C. North of Iceland.
679 Gray mud. Bottom-temp. ^ o°.6 C. North of Faroe Islands.

Thus all specimens were from depths or under conditions where the temperature at the bottom
was at the highest 3° C. or below (-^ o '.6).

A large and handsome specimen (Tab. Ill, fig. 3 and 3 a) from the station 139 (63^ 36' Lat. North,
7° 30' Long. West, depth 702 fathom.s, gray clay, bottom-temperature -=-0.6 C.) surpasses in size (270™"')
widely every other known specimen of L. Rcinhardti. I have had it figured with the aid of a coloured
sketch made on the «Ingolf . The differences, that may be found between this individual and other
existing descriptions of Liparis {Carcproctus} Rcinliardti (gclatiiiosus) should perhaps essentially be
attributed to the fact, that with the exception of the original type of Pallas ordinarily only smaller
(yoimger) specimens have been studied, while we here have the rare success to have before us an
older, adult specimen. On the other hand I can not deny the possibility that it may be identical with
one of the other established Carcproc(?is-s^QC\es, or maintain absolutely its identity with Pallas's L.
gelafiiiosiis^ on which the older Reinhardt had already fixed the attention for the type which at a
later time bore his name. The length of the fish is stated above; the length, breadth and the height
of the head are 55""", 45""" and 55""". The largest height behind the head is 74™"; when it appa-
rently decreases relatively slowly backwards, this appearance is due to the considerable height of
the dorsal and anal fins. The transversal breadth of the mouth is 35"™; along the upper jaw and
between the nostrils 7 pores are seen, along the lower jaw one and in the continuation thereof 7.
A couple of low tubeformed nostrils with a mutual distance of 17""" are seen anteriorly on a line,
that would unite the anterior margins of the eyes; their distance from the eyes is 7""", from the
margin of the jaw la""". The diameter of the globular eyes is 11""", their mutual distance 32""" and
from the jaws' margin 13™"", the height of the branchial cleft 17""". The whole number of pectoral
rays is 31; the pectorals meet approximately below the head; as in the smaller individuals they get
a fringed appearance, the rays continuing beyond the connecting membrane, especially those in the
anterior (or undermost) part of the fin, where their free portion ma}- obtain the length of 39'"'". The

THE FISHES OF THE ^INGOLF» EXPEDITIONS. 17

small ventral disk has a diameter of 12™'"; it is situated under the centre of the eyes. The dorsal fin
nnmbers c. 40 rays, the caudal fin 10, and the anal fin c. 40 rays.

It will perhaps be useful to print here the following extract of Jordan and Starks's conspectus of the
American species of Liparis and NeoUparis („The fishes of Puget Sound" p. 837 og 834).

a. Liparis: number of vertebrae c. 39; radii dorsales c.35; radii anales 27 — 30.

b. The gill-clefts very narrow, entirely over the base of the pectorals; rad. caudales 12. Z. liparis.
bb. The gill-clefts larger, partly below the uppermost pectoral ray.

c. Radii pectorales 30; rad. caudales 12. L. cyclopus (I.e. pi. 97).
cc. Radii pectorales 41 — 43; rad. caudales 15 — 20. L. fuccnsis.

aa. Careliparis Garm.: Number of vertebrae c. 46 ; radii dorsales 40 — 44; radii anales 35 — 36.
d. Radii pectorales 35 — 36.

e. Gill-clefts small, not reaching beyond the first pectoral ray.
f. Z. tunic aius.
ff. Z. Agassizii.
ee. Gill-clefts large, reaching down to the fourth pectoral ra)'. Z. Dennyi (1. c. pi. 98).
dd. Radii pectorales 42; gill-clefts large, reaching to and beyond the upper part of the pectorals.
Z. cyclostigma.

aaa. Actinochir: Number of vertebrae c 52; radii dorsales 45—48, radii anales 38 — 40, radii pectorales 34 — 37;

g. A. pulchellus.
gg. A. major.

NeoUparis.
a. Gill-clefts very narrow, not reaching beyond the third pectoral ray.
b. Anterior nostril distinctly tubiform.

c. Radii dorsales c. 30, radii anales 24. N. montagiii.
cc. Radii dorsales 34 — 36, radii anales 25 — 28. N. callyodon Pall. (L. mucosus Garm.).
bb. Anterior nostril not distinctly tubiform. Radii dorsales 32, radii anales 26. N. mucosus (I.e. pi. 95).

aa. Gill-clefts relatively large; nostrils not distinctly tubiform.

d. Radii dorsales VI ^-27, radii anales 21 — 23, radii pectorales 30. N. florcE (I.e. pi. 96).
dd. Radii dorsales VI -{- 34, radii anales 30, radii pectorales 35. N. greeni (I.e. pi. 96).

Paraliparis bathybii (Coll.).

The establishment of this hitherto unknown form was based upon a single specimen, 208""" long,
taken on «the Norwegian North-Sea-Expedition ■> to the North Sea, on a depth of 568 fathoms, west of
Beeren-Island ; it wanted the ventrals, and it had at that time to be left in doubt, whether this was a
constant deficiency or it was only due to an accident. It was therefore referred to the genus Liparis
with the annotation, that it would perhaps form a proper genus (sDen norske Nordhavs-Expedition*,
Fiskene p. 52, t. 2, fig. 14). Then the «British Museum > also received a specimen, 7V2 inches long,
fished by the «Knight Errantc on the North-Sea-Expedition of this vessel in the '-Faroe Channel* on a
depth of 640 fathoms (« Challenger, deep-sea fishes» p. 68, pi. XII, fig. C). It turned out that it really
wanted the ventrals and consequently an adhesive disk, formed by them, but is was not confirmed
— what has not been found by me neither — that under the chief portion of the pectoral are found
c. 4 rudimentary rays ; but it was confirmed, that the pectoral fin did consist apparently of 2 divisions,

The Ingolf-Expedition. II, i. 3

l8 THE FISHES OF THE .IXGOLF.> EXPEDITIONS.

a greater of 12 rays and a smaller party, divided from the other, of 3 rays. At the same time Goode
and Bean described a P. Copci G. & B. and a ^iiiiitra or Aloncnnifra liparina Goode, which in Oceanic
Ichthyology » p. 277 is upheld as a proper genus; the localities where these types are found in the
northern Atlantic are noted in the said work, where also sketches of them are given (fig. 252 and 253).
Concerning the small P. membranaceits Gthr. (: Challenger, Report* etc. p. 6g, pi. 12, fig. D) which in
the < Oceanic Ichthyology) is raised as the type of a proper genus, Hilgendorfin^ it would be more
correct to postpone one's judgement until a larger material is at hand. Finally I shall add, that in
the Oceanic Ichthyology) is mentioned (in the < Appendix.; jj. 525) a Paraliparis rosaccus Gilb. from
the Pacific, and that ]M. Gilbert (The ichthyological collections of U.St. F. Comm. St. Albatross
1890 — 91 , 1896) further has described a P. holoinclas, ulocliir and ccplialiis from the northern part of
the Pacific and a P. dacfylosus from California.

As M. Collett and Dr. Giinther have given a full accoimt oi Paraliparis hatliybii there will be
no necessity for occup)-ing myself further with it here. The number of vertebrse is 10 + 54. I shall
only give a list of the 6 stations, which have given the 18 more or less well preserved specimens at
hand, of which the 2 largest had a length of 185™" — 220"^

-vmm

Stat.

Lat. N.

Long. W.

Fath.

Bottom-te

104:

66° 23'

f 25'

957

-M°.r

105:

65° 34'

f y'

762

^ o=.8

III:

(n 14'

8' 48'

860

-^o^g

117:

69° 13'

8^23'

1003

H- x"

119:

67-' 53'

10" 19'

lOIO

-^i"

140:

63' 29'

6-^57'

780

H- o\9

1°. r lyight grayish brown mud. East of Iceland, i specimen.
Iviglit brown mud. Likewise. 7 specimens.

Brown Biloculina-clay. Northeast of Iceland, i specimen.
Light Biloculina-clay. South of Jan Alayen. 6 specimens.
Light Biloculina-clay. Between Iceland and Jan Mayen. i specini.
Gray mud. North of the Faroe Islands. 2 specimens.

Blenniodei, Ophidini.
Gymnelis viridis Fabr.

Some few specimens were caught on «Ingolf-'s expedition at localities, S.W. off Sukkertoppen, viz:

Station Lat. N. Long. AV. Fathoms
29: 65" 34' 54° 31' 68 Davis Strait. Sandy bottom, Temperature at the bottom o°.2 C.
34: 67° 17' 54° 17' 55 Davis Strait. Temperature at the bottom 0^.9 C.
In the Denmark Strait it is previously taken at a depth of 80 fathoms.

The largest Ingolfian specimen is 136™'". The ornamental markings, which concist of lighter
and darker transversal bands are on the whole not strong. Some of the specimens have i, 2 or 3 dark
.spots on the foremost part of the dorsal fin.

The Norwegian North-Sea Expedition got 4 specimens north of Jan ■\Iayen and Spitsbergen,
where it also has been found earlier; it is also known from the east coast of Greenland, f. i. Heklas
port at a slight depth (the expedition of Ryder). It has also been found in the Kara-Sea and in
Barents-Sea and in the arctic part of the Pacific (Unalaska, at a depth of 49 fathoms).

THE FISHES OF THE ■ IXGOLF» EXPEDITIONS. ig

Lumpenus lampetraeformis Walb.

is the onh- northern L//;///>c;n/s-STpecies brought home in few specimens from a locaUty Southwest of
Sukkertoppen, Station 34: 6f 17' Lat. North, 54- 17' Long. West, depth 55 fathoms, temperature at the
bottom 0.9 C. The largest specimen had a length of 190™'". On the distribution of the species may
be consulted Collett, Lilljeborg, and 'Oceanic Ichthj-ology'^.

Flounders.

Drepanopsetta (Hippoglossoides) platessoides (Fabr.).

Of this Pleuronectoid the Ingolf expedition has returned some specimens from

Stat. Lat. N. Long. W. Fathoms

26: 63° 57' 52^41' Davis Strait. 34 Bottom sand and shells, temperature o°.6 C.

67" 57' 55° 30' Likewise. 35 Bottom gray sand, its temperature o°.8 C.

65 16' 55° 05' Likewise. 362 Bottom brownish mud with arenaceous foraminiferes, tp. 3°.6 C.

known with us as «Haa-Isingen , identical with PlcKronccfcs lii/iai/doidcs , not only from Greenland,
also from Iceland, Beeren-Island, Spitsbergen, the Faroe Islands and along the Scandinavian and the
Northeuropean shores, from the Murmanian coasts and East-Finmark to the Sound, at Kiel and the
southern Danish seas and also from the English-French channel; on the American side to Cape Cod.

33
35

The genus Lycodes.

It will be well known to the ichth>-ologists, especially to those studying the arctic fauna, that
to distinguish between the species of this genus is connected with special difficulties, because the
colouring varies much in the same species, especially after the age, but also individually, likewise the
extension of the squamation, and it is therefore extremely difficult to fix the limit between the.
species by means of characters that ma}- be confided on. As our museum possesses now more or
fewer specimens of 15 Ljcodes-s-pecies from the Polar sea, the northern part of the Atlantic') and the
Californian part of the Pacific one should hope, that the difficulties might be overcome. But never-
theless my report specially for this department must be given with a certain restraint. The scientific
literature amply testifies, that it is a more easy matter to make mistakes in this department than to
avoid them. A greater lucidity will not be obtained until the collected material has attained a com-
pleteness that at present is only obtained for a few species among the many.

I) As this geuus was not found formerly in any of the Danish seas, it should be remarked that a fish of this genus,
155mm long, was taken in 1S93 in Lseso Rende, afterwards several in the Skager-Rack (jfr. S. 21) viz a Lycodes gracilis M. Sars.

20

THE FISHEvS OF THE aNFOLF:> EXFEDITIONS.

Lycodes muraena Coll.

A specimen io3/^ inches long (275"'™) was obtained in the Davis Strait between Godthaab and
Sukkertoppen, at Station 27: 64- 54' Lat. N., 55= 10' Long. W., at a depth of 393 fathoms (a temperature
of 3°. 8 C. at the bottom, which consisted of a soft gray clay with numerous pebbles, mostly granite). It
agrees substantially with the figure and description of Collett ( Den norske Nordhavsexpedition», Fiskene,
p. 116, pi. IV, fig. 29 — 31; compare also F. Smitt: < Skandinaviens Fiskar p. 618 and Giinther's
«Deep-Sea Fishes: Challenger Expedition > S. 79, tab. 12, fig. A). The species has been taken in several
instances by the said Norwegian expedition at the banks off Helgeland, Beeren-Island and Spitsbergen
(Norsk-0erne) on depths of 350 — 658 fathoms, the bottom brown, green or bluish-gray clay, the bottom
temperature being -^ o'.g a -f- i\2 C. L. inn r ana is further taken by an English expedition in the
fi Faroe-channel » at 540 — 608 fathoms. In 1896 Ingolf? obtained further 12 younger specimens at the
following stations:

Station

Lat. N.

Long. W.

]

65:

61=' 33'

19"

South of Iceland.

102:

66^ 23'

10" 26'

East of Iceland.

104:

66=' 23'

1' 25'

Likewise.

105:

65^34'

fl^

Likewise.

117:

69= 13'

8= 23'

South of Jan Ma}-en.

125:

68= 08'

16= 02'

North of Iceland.

139:

63= 36'

7-" 30'

North of Faroe Islands.

athoiiLS

Bottom temp.

1089

3^ C.

750

-^ 0 .9C.

957

■^ I .1 C.

762

-^ o=.8 C.

1003

^ 1= c.

729

-=-0 .8C.

702

-^0 .6C.

The larger specimen from Stat. 27, the only squamate, has larger eyes than the smaller and \-ounger
ones, apparently also a less flatfish liead and a shorter snout. It is therefore not quite certain that it
is identical as species with these. The size of the younger specimens lies between 203'"'" and 108™™.
Of the scales nothing is seen in these smaller .specimens. In the larger of them the length of the head
is scarcely '/s of that of the whole body (trunk and tail), in the smaller ones it varies between i -^6.5
and I -4-8.1. With 2 exceptions (Stat. 27 and 65, where the bottom temperature was + 3'.8 and +3')
all these specimens were from stations with a bottom temperature below zero.

Of allied species with a similar longish eel-like shape some other species are described i) L.
Verrillii G. & B., 2) L. paxilliis G. & B. (into which L. paxilloidcs' is afterwards drawn as a synonym),
for these species may be consulted the ;■ Oceanic Ichth}'ology p. 309 — 11 and 527, fig. 277, 279, 280 and
282. Further 3) L. (Lycodomis) iniyabilis Goode &. Bean (Giiuther: Deep-Sea Fishes, Challenger
Report etc. p. 81); 4) L. (LycodopJiis) alhiis Vaill. («Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur p. 309,
pi. 26, fig. I), caught at a depth of 3975 metres on the way between the Azores and France, and 5) L.
(Lysoichelys) porifer Gilb. (Proceed. Un. St. Nat. Mus. XIII (1890), p. 104), from South California at a
depth of 857 fathoms.

fig. 274.

Lycodes frigidus Coll.
:<Den norske Nordhavs Expedition;, Fiskene, p. 96, pi. Ill, fig. 24; ;■ Oceanic Ichth\'ology: p. 335,

As I have no doubt that the numerous specimens of a Lycodes^ taken in larger or smaller

THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

21

specimens in the eastern part of the North Sea, at the stations enumerated below, belong to the said
species, which is carefully described and excellently figured in the Norwegian work cited here, I shall
limit myself to a few remarks. As characteristic for L. frigidus may be mentioned the uniform dark
or brownish colour and the uniform delicate squamation on the entire body to the occiput and the
branchial orifice and on the belly. Further the lateral-ventral side-line, starting from the upper end of
the branchial orifice, then arches downwards, running parallel with the lower margin of the tail in a
great extent. Young specimens (until iio"""' length) are entirely naked, in the somewhat greater ones
the scales cover a smaller or larger part of the tail, and in the more mature state of the fish they
spread over the trunk and the bell}-.

The Ingolfian specimens are from the following stations.

Stat.

Lat. N.

Long. W.

I02:

66° 23'

10° 26'

East of Iceland.

104:

66° 23'

7° 25'

Likewise.

no:

66° 44'

"°33'

Likewise.

III:

67 14'

8° 48'

Northeast of Iceland.

112:

67^' 57'

6° 44'

Likewise.

113:

69'^ 31'

7° 06'

South of Jan Mayen.

117:

69' 13'

8° 23'

Likewise.

118:

68° 27'

8° 20'

Likewise.

119:

67^ 53'

10° 19'

Between Iceland and J

120:

67° 29'

11° 32'

Northeast of Iceland.

124:

67° 40'

15' 40'

North of Iceland.

Fathoms Condition of the bottom

750 Brown mtid

957 Light grayish brown mud

/'

125: 68° 08' 16° 02'

Brown mud
860 Brown mud
1267 Biloculina-clay
1309 Biloculina-clay
1003 Light Biloculina-clay
1060 Light Biloculina-clay
loio Light Bilocttlina-clay
885 Light Biloctilina-clay
495 Brownish gray bltie mud with
short arenaceous foraminifera
North of Iceland. 729 Brown mud

Bottom temp.
-^ o°.9 C.
H- I°.i C.
-^ o°.8 C.
^ o°.9 C.
-=- i°.i C.
^ i°.o C.

-=- I°.o C.
^ I°.o C.
H- I°.o C.
-^ I°.o C.
-^ o°.6 C.

-f- o°.8 C.

The largest specimen of the ' North-Sea Expeditions has a length of little more than half a
meter; a .specimen of a little larger size in the «Ingolf»-collection reminds so much of the L. reticu-
lahis Gthr. ("Challenger Expedition* p. 77, pi. XIII), that I must regard them as absolutely identical.
The specimens of the «North-Sea Expedition* were from the seas around Beeren Island and Spitsbergen.
From the American expeditions of the «Albatross» a series of localities is indicated (« Oceanic Ichthyo-
logy* 1. c).

Lycodes Esmarkii (Coll., I.e. p. 84, pi. II, fig- 19 — 21 and pi. Ill, fig. 22).

A specimen, 260™™ in length, from Station 138: North of the Faroe Islands (63° 26' Lat. North,
7° 56' Long. West, depth 471 fathoms, temperature at the bottom -^ o°.6 C.) having 5 light bands over
the dorsal fin and the back and with both a medio-lateral and a ventro-lateral lateral line, agreeing
well with Colletts fig. 21, represents this type in the collections of «the Ingolf . Previously known
from the banks off Lofoten and from the north-west coast of Spitsbergen and from several points of
Finmarken (260 — 459 fathoms).

22 THE FISHES OF THE <INGOLF> EXPEDITIONS.

Lycodes Liitkenii Coll. (1. c. p. 103, pi. Ill, fig. 25).

Is likewise taken formerly west of North-Spitsbergen (459 fathoms) and in the Kara sea. The
«Ingolf>> Expedition got 6 specimens from station 116: vSonth of Jan Mayen ( 70" 05' Lat. North,
8° 26' Long. W.), depth 371 fathoms, temperatnre at the bottom -^ 0-.4 C. The coloration is essentially
as in the specimen figured by Collett: 6 — 8 light bands.

Lycodes perspicillum Kr. [L. rcticiilatus Rlult. juv.?). (Tab. IV, fig. 5.)

A young (42'""') specimen of this species with the characteristic dress of many young L}'codidse
— a series of 10 darkly bordered saddle-spots across the back — was fished on sandy bottom off Sukker-
toppen, Davis Strait (Station 29), 64-34' Lat. N., 54" 31' Long. \V., at a depth of 68 fathoms.

L. gracilis Sars.

To this species, after having conferred with ni}- colleague. Prof. Collett, I have referred two
specimens from station 31: Davis Strait (66-35' Lat. North, 55° 54' Long. West, depth 88 fathoms,
temperature at the bottom i^.e C.) They are 572 and 9'/^ inches long, both covered with scales. The
relation between the length of the head with the trunk and the entire length ( 100""" -^- 244'"" and
55'"™ -\- 143""") is about I -H a'/j a 2'/2- I" colour they are light with more or less distinct traces of the
juvenile dress.

L. gracilis was known from a small specimen (43™") from the Christiania Fjord (oNordhavs
Expeditionen p. 106) and is later found again in L^eso Rende and in the Skager Rack in adult
specimens. I suppose that Prof. Collett will give a full account of the species in its more developed
condition as it is now known.

L. pallidus Coll.

(. Nordhav.s-Expeditionen p. no, pi. Ill, fig. 26, 27; Liitken: Kara Havets Fiske.' p. 134,
pi. 17, fig. 1—3.)

Of this species there are from the «Ingolf»-Expedition:
Station Lat. N. Long. W. Fathoms Temp, at the bottom

loi:

66° 23'

12° 05'

537

104:

66° 23'

f 25'

957

105:

65^ 34'

7° 31'

762

n6:

70' 05'

8° 26'

371

124:

67° 40'

15" 40'

495

126:

67= 19'

15' 52'

293

138:

63° 26'

7° 56'

471

141:

63° 22'

6° 58'

679

- o°.7 C.

^i°.i C.

East of Iceland.

^ o°.8 C.

-o°.4C.

South of Jan IMayen

^ 0-.6 C.
-T- o".5 C.

■ North of Iceland.

-^ o°.6 C.
^ o°.6 C.

North of the Faroe

Hitherto known from the northern coast of Spitsbergen, 260 — 458 fathoms (Collett) and from the Kara
sea (Liitken). The specimens from the ^Ingolf expedition have a size reaching to 245'"'". The larger

THE FISHEvS OF THE INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS. 23

specimens are scaled on the belly and uniformly light brown without marks of transverse bands or

design on the fins, the smaller have bands on the fins and partly on the body, but want the scales

on the belly.

Note. It will perhaps be useful to resume how matters stand at present with the synonymy of the species
of Lycodes named here. Z. reticulatus is founded by the older Reinhardt (<,Forste Bidrag til Grenlands ichthyo-
logislce Fauna" p. 167, t. VI) on specimens from Greenland. Collett (1. c. p. 84) refers to the same species the
following descriptions: L. polaris Ross. (Spitsbergen), L. polar is Mlmgr. (Ofvers. Vet. .\kad. Forh. 1864, p. 516)
likewise from Spitsbergen, Z. perspicillum Kr. (from Greenland) and Z. gracilis Sars (from Chrisdaniafjord). In his
great work „Skandinaviens Fiskar" F. Smitt draws the limits of this species sdll wider, embracing under it not only
the type: Reinhardt 's Z. reticulatus and Giinther's of the same name (aChallenger" p. 77, pi. XIII; which after
my opinion as stated above is a large L. frigidus Coll.!) and the type described by me under the same name from
the Kara Sea („Dijmphna» T. 17, tig. 4— 5) as also the L. perspicillum of Kreyer (regarded also by Collett and
myself as a L. reticulatus), but also L. seiuinudus Reinhardt from Greenland and Spitsbergen), by Collett (I.e. p. 113,
t. IV, f. 28) upheld as a proper species and further Z. Liitkenii CoU. (I.e. p. 103, t. iii, fig. 25) a name adopted by
me for fishes from the Kara Sea (<,Dijmphna'' p. 128, T. 16, fig. i — 6); and further Beans Z. Turneri from Alaska
(Proc. Un. St. Mus. 1,463), and Z. coccineus (I.e. IV, p. 144) and my L. pallidus (^Dijmphna" p. 134, t. 17, fig. 1—3)
and finally Z. mucosus Rich. (Belcher p. 362, t. 26) the type of Bleeker's genus Lycodalepis. Of these supposed
synonyma the authors of ^Oceanic Ichthyology" only cite the ^L. perspicillum Kr.", ^L. Rossii^ Mlgr. and „Z. gracilis
Sars" to Z. reticulatus, while they notwithstanding cite (p. 307) a ^L. perspicillum Kr." as a peculiar type found by
the (.Albatross" on depths of 59 and 86 fathoms (45 = 24'3o" Lat. Nonh, 58'35'i5"Long. West and on 47- 29' Lat. North,
2 5° 1 8' Long. West). It must also be noted that „Z. mucosus'", formerly only known from the description and picture
by Belcher ^Last of Arctic Voyages" (Northumberland Sound, afterwards found again in Cumberland Sound) is now
described and figured in ^Oceanic Ichthyology" (p. 306, t. 78, fig. 273 and t. 81, fig. 283, a, b) after a specimen
17 inches long from Northumberland Sound. In the work cited are not mentioned the species of Bean, mentioned by
Smitt (Z. Turneri and Z. coccineus; the one being from Alaska, the other from <,Big Diomede Island"). I shall
further add, that the later paper by H. Gilbert („The ichthyological collections of the U. S. F. Comm. St. Albatross",
1896), containing „ Report of the fishes collected in Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean during the summer of
1890", describes and figures several new genera and species of the Lycodes tribe, while some other species of
Gilbert are named, whose original descriptions are not known to me at present. For me and my collaborator it has
been a relief in our task, that the aingolfian" species were well known to us from Scandinavian ichthyological works.

The Macnirus group.

It is well known, that no other group of fishes has received such an accession through the
deep-sea-investigations as the Macruridce («SkolaestS' or ■ Berglax: as they are termed in Scandinavia).
They were known in 1872 in 10 — 11 species; in the report of the <Challenger expedition* their
number is grown to 47, including the species fished by the Northamerican expeditions and published
at that period; the French expeditions have added 9 — 10 species, the Indian 12. Counting the species
cited in the «Oceanic Ichthyology* I arrive at the number 80, by American and other ichthyologists
it is later increased to 94 or more. Through the two Ingolf: expeditions there are collected 6 species
at least The difficulty to distinguish species, which after all are very nearly similar, is augmented
by the alterations undergone with age by the individuals. My task has been relieved by the <-Smitli-
sonian Institution* having in the most benevolent manner placed at my disposal 5 species of duplicates

I

24 THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

from the American fishings. Bnt there i.s one difficulty, which is still hardly overcome, viz., to get
the large material of c. 100 described species distribtited in good genera and subgenera in a satisfying
manner. Provisionally I may refer to the list of genera in < Oceanic Ichthyology» , where 17 genera
(or subgenera?) are recognised, to which may be added an iS"', later proposed [Coclocrphaliis Gilbert
& Cramer). Until further information I retain the name Macninis as a common name for all the
arctic and subarctic species here mentioned.

Macrurus Fabricii Sundev. {rupestris Fabr. non Gunn.).

The name ]\I. bcrglax Lac. which has been substituted in later times for this species is less

convenient for this form, so well known in Greenland, as one will more easily understand it as

alluding to the J/. (Coryphcrnoides) Stroinii^ the «Berglax» of the Norwegians. The largest Ingolfian

specimen has a length of 21 inches, it has therefore not the full size of the species; the smallest is

only 4^2 inches. The stations and localities where they were taken, are

Station Lat. N. Long. W. Fathoms Temp, of the bottom

/IQ>j, 27: 64° 54' 55^10' 393 3°.8C.

'<5>^ 32: 66° 35' 56° 38' 318 3°.9C.

• -^U 35: 65° 16' 55° 05' 362 3°-6C.

t'

all from the Davis Strait.

38: 59° 12' 51=05' 1870 I'.sC.

These localities are partly from the Davis Strait, West of Holsteinsborg and Sukkertoppen, partly
from the entrance to the Davis Strait. What shortly can be said of the distribution of the species
outside this region is, that it is known more southward, from George's Bank, from the port of New
York, were it was found floating at the surface, and from 41° 47' Lat. North, 65'^ 37' 30" Long. West at
a depth of 677 fathoms, and further from the eastern part of the North Sea, the Finnish and Nor-
wegian coast.s.

The characters which make this species recognisable are the obtuse shape of the head, the
rounded snout, the large eyes whose diameter is the double or more of the breadth of the front
between them and ecjual with or larger than the length of the snout from its points to the orbital
margin, the numerous keels along the sides of the trunk and tail, the back and belly, produced by
every scale having a strong denticulate keel; on large specimens there is commonly only one such
keel, but the greater scales of the head have commonly more (3, 4 or 5) such keels, diverging from
forwards backwardly. These larger scales form partly more prominent groups on the opercles and
preopercles, partly rows especially on the median line of the snout, round the orbits, along the lower
lateral margin of the head etc. A larger naked spot before the eyes gives room for the nostrils;
before these there is in larger specimens a smaller naked spot on each side, close to the point of the
snout. Below the inferior lateral margin bespoken the skin is naked or only covered with smaller
asperities, and the same is the case with the two branches of the lower jaw. Li half-grown speci-
mens it is evident, that on the ordinary scales there are besides the chief keel several more or less
distinctly serrated accessory keels, i, 3 or 4 on each side of the chief keel; but the distinct and
numerous larger longitudinal keels along the sides of the body are nevertheless equally characteristic

THE FISHES OF THE < INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS. 35

for younger and for older specimens. In the very youngest specimens the extension of the scale-
covering is more limited — on the belly to the region before the ventrals, while the belly proper is
entirely without scales. The shape of the snout is here the same as in other Alacrnri, not bowlike
rounded, but sharply triangular. The first dorsal fin begins immediately over the insertion of the
pectorals, which again is in the vertical from the first point of the ventrals. The first longest rays
of the ventrals are almost equal with those of the pectorals, but shorter than those of the first dorsal
fin. The number of rays is i + ii in this fin, 19 in the pectorals, 8 in the ventrals. The teeth are
minute, almost hidden between the papillae of the mouth.
Of the other northern species

Macrurus (Coryphsenoides) rupestris Gunn. (M. Stromii Rhdt., norvegicus Nilsson)

(figured in ' V^oyage en Scandinavie , Poissons, pi. 11, in Smitt's Scandinavian fishes, pi. XXVII, A,

fig. 2, and in Collett's <Pois.sons provenant des campagnes du yacht rHirondelle» (1885 — 88) 1896,

pi. 10, fig. II) there is also a large number of S23ecimens jaartly from the same localities, where M.
Fabric a was caught, f. inst:

Stat. 27: 64''54'Lat. N., 55^ 10' Long. W., 393 fath., bottom temp. 3'^.8 C. 1

i Davis Strait.

— 35:65^16' - 55^05' - 362 ~ - 3°.6C.I

partly from others, f. inst.

Stat. 25: 63^30' Lat. N., 54°25' Long. W., 582 fath., bottom temp. 3°.3 C, Davis Strait.

— 41: 6i''39' — 17*^10' — 1245 — — 2\o C, South of Iceland.

Also two larger specimens from

Stat. 90 : 64''45' Lat. N., 29'"o6' Long. W., 568 fath., bottom temp. 4^.4 C, length 485""" )

Denmark Strait.

— 97: 65'^ 28' — 27^39' — 450 — ~ 5^5 C, - 730-™J

Young specimens of AI. r?ipcsti-is are captured on the following localities:

Stat. 25: 63'30'Lat.N., 54" 25' Long. W., 582 fath., soft blue-clayish mud, bottom temp. 3^.3 C. Davis Strait.

— 27: 64^54' — 55°io' — 393 — soft gray clay, bottom temp. 3°.8 C. Davis Strait.

— 40: 62°oo' — 21-36' — 845 — dark gray mud, bottom temp. 3°.3 C. South of Iceland.

— 45: 6i°32' — 9°43' — 643 — bottom temp. 4".r7C. West of Faroe Islands.

— 69: 62^40' — 22^17' — 589 — mud, bottom temp. 3^.9 C. South of Iceland.

— 81: 61^44' — 27° — 48s — mud, bottom temp. 6°.i C. \

^ ' ^ J Southwest of Iceland.

— 83: 62' 25' — 28''3o' — 912 — mud, bottom temp. 3°. 5 C. J

The largest specimen has a length of 28 inches, the smallest of 2'7i6 inches. As to the geo-
graphical distribution, for which the above cited work of Collett may be referred to, it may be
remarked, that beyond the shores of West-Greenland and Norway (from Helgeland to Christianiafjord
and Bohuslan) this «Berglax;> is known from the sea between Shetland and the Faroe Islands and has
several times found its way to the most northern shores of Denmark. In . Oceanic Ichthyology* p. 403

The Ingolf-Expedition. IL i. 4

26 THE FISHES OF THE < INGOLF>. EXPEDITIONS.

other stations are noted from the northwestern Atlantic (The specimens of rHirondelle» were taken
South of Newfoundland).

The head, whose length is contained 5 or somewhat more than 6 times in the total length
(in M. Fabricii a little more than 4 times) is obtusely rounded, terminating in a small knob in the
point of the snout, but without prominent crests or keels with larger scales. In younger specimens
the crests of the head ma)- be as it were indicated and the obtusely rounded snout may assume a
little more angular figure. The oral orifice reaches to the middle of the ej'es or almost to the ver-
tical from their posterior margin in large specimens. The jawteeth are very delicate, placed in a
single series. The scales are delicately ciliated, relatively .small, but numerous, covering in a very
regular manner the head, the body and the tail; the smallest are found on the snout and nearest
to the eyes, and this^overing reaches to the jarotrusile part of the jaw, there being no naked or half
naked papillous surface at the lower part of the head. Only the throat and the gill-membrane are
naked. The naked spot where the nostrils are placed is not so great as in jl/. Fabricii. Of the scales
it may further be stated, that they are without keels, but densely covered with spinules without au)-
strong tendency to arrange themselves in transversal rows, but are best said to be arranged in no
jDarticular order; the tendency to a serial arrangement is perhaps more distinct in younger individuals.
The second dorsal fin, whose anterior rays are very insignificant, begins only at a long distance from
the first, about at a line with the points of the pectorals (in younger individuals partly somewhat nearer
to the first dorsal), the anal however below or close behind the last rays of the first dorsal, the anus
being placed so much forwardly, that there is at most the length of an eye-diameter between the
anus and the ventrals. The first ray of the ventrals is very long (2/3 or 3/^ of or, in younger individuals,
equal to the length of the head), therefore reaching far out on the anal, whose rays are relatively
strong and well developed. The eyes are great, their diameter is equal to or a little smaller than the
distance between the orbita and the point of the snout, but commonh' much lesser than — ^y^ of —
the frontal breadth. The number of rays is D' i + 11, P. 16, V. 8; the first dorsal ray is delicately
serrated. The barbel is very small, the lateral line very distinct.

As I have had the opportunity of comparing two half-grown specimens of Alacninis Bairdii
Goode & Bean ('Oceanic Ichthyology j p. 393, fig- 335) with M. Stroiiiii (rupcstris) ^ I shall — without
entering upon a detailed description and perhaps superfluously — observe, that this Northatlantic t)-pe
is not specifically identical with M. Stromii or founded on younger specimens of this — a suspicion
that might jierhaps offer itself to an ichthyologist not having this opportunity to an immediate
comparison.

Macrurus (Hymenocephalus) Goodei Gthr.

(•Oceanic Ichthyology, p. 407, fig. 340. )

To this species I refer — after comparison with two specimens sent from the Museum at
Washington under the names of JMacriiriis aspcr and Hymeiwlniiiius Goodei — the first name being
that, under which the species was first described by Goode and Bean, which name however had
to be withdrawn, Gunther having used it for a Japanese fish — some individuals from the following
localities:

THE FISHES OF THE <aKGOLF» EXPEDITIONS.

27

Station Lat. N. I,ong. W. fathoms temper, of bottom

ii: 64° 34' 31° 12' (Denmark Strait) 1300 i"'.6

36: 61° 50' 56-21' (Davis Strait) 1435 1-.5

37: 60-17' 54" 05' (Davis Strait, at its inoutli) 1715 1^.4

From the localities enumerated for M. Goodei by Goode and Bean it will be seen that

the species is taken so far south as toff Havanna-, and that the depths noted are between 154 and

1434 fathoms.

The largest specimens have a length of 325""" and 3io'°™. Their <habitus> reminds somewhat

of that of the Malacoccpliali. The length of the head is contained 5 times or somewhat more in the

total length. The diameter of the eyes is somewhat smaller than the diameter of the front and much

smaller than the length of the snout. The head is completely scaled with the exception of two parties

back of the anterior margin of the snout and an adjoining part of the lower side of the snout. The

branchial membrane and the throat are also naked, but the belly proper is scaled like the rest of the

head. The scales may be described as ciliate or lineate-ciliate , delicately ribbed with 6 — 9 scarcely

diverging or parallel, low, serrated thorny ribs ; the squamification therefore makes a striated impression.

The intermaxillary teeth are arranged in two rows, the greater ones in the external row; those of the

lower jaw are placed in a single row. The foremost (second) dorsal fin ray, whose point in its depressed

condition does not reach to the first low ray of the second dorsal, is serrate anteriorly. The first dorsal

has its ordinary place over the ventrals, a little behind the pectorals. The first elongate ray of the

pectorals maj' reach to the anus; the pectorals are not relatively long. The number of the rays are

counted thus: D'n-j-g; P. 19; V. 9 — 10. The lateral line is distinct.

Macrurus ingolfi Ltk. .sp. n.

Of this apparently hitherto undescribed species 2 specimens (270™"" long) are at hand from

Station Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms temp, at bottom

40: 62° 00' 21° 36' (South of Iceland) 845 3°-3 C.

and one specimen (length: 277 — 340""") from each of the following stations:

Station Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms temp, at bottom

II
18
64
83

This species ha

64° 34' 31° 12' (Denmark Strait) 1300 i°.6 C.

61° 44' 30° 29' (Southwest of Iceland) 1135 3°-o C.

62° 06' 19° 00' (South of Iceland) 1041 3'-i C.

62° 25' 28° 30' (Southwest of Iceland) 912 3°.5 C.

IS a considerable likeness with the proceeding species, from which it may be
easily distinguished among other things through the larger eyes, the distinct knobs of the snout and
a higher first dorsal.

The head is contained about 5 times in the total length. The snjDerior or frontal surface of the
snout is separated from the inferior or more forwardly directed part by a well develojDed crest or edge,
terminating in 3 spinose osseous tubercles, one directly in the middle and one on each side, close
before the naked spot, where the nostrils have their place, and continued both above and below^ the

28 THE FISHES Of THE <INGOLG> EXPEDITIONS.

orbita. The broadly triangular snout is prolonged fairly over and before the mouth, which is relatively
little, the corners of the mouth falling in a line with the anterior margin or the middle of the orbits.
The eyes are large, their diameter surpassing the breadth of the front between the eyes. The teeth
form a fine card in both jaws. The head is scaled with the exception of the gill membrane, the
isthmxis and its foremost superior margin, and almost the whole lower surface. The naked part of the
snout is handsomeh" embroidered with rows of slime glands. The first dorsal counting ii -^ g rays is
singularly high and its longest (second) ray is serrate and as long as the head. The second dorsal
begins much forward, its foremost rudimentary rays may be followed until not far from the posterior
margin of the first dorsal fin. The pectorals contain 20 rays, and the ventrals, whose external ray
tapers to a fine thread and reaches a long stretch beyond the anus have 8 rays. It may also be
remarked, that the tail as in other Macrurians is really pointed behind, but in several specimens has
lost a shorter or longer part; but the wound has healed, and on the thus truncated point of the tail
is developed a distinct caudal fin, a phenomenon which is also observed in some specimens of the
proceeding species. The scales show distinct rows of thorns, not however so much projecting as in
3/. Goodei.

Afacriinis iiigolfi n. sp. differt a Al. Goodei praecipue oculis majoribus, tuberculis rostralibus
niagis distinctis et pinna dorsali altiore, longitudinem cajDitis jequante, pinna dorsali secimda usque
ad pinnam dorsalem fere continuata.

Macrurus (Chalinura) simulus Goode et Bean.

(Oceanic Ichthyology p. 412, fig. 345.)

Of this species the Ingolfs expedition obtained 4 smaller specimens from

Stat. 18: 6i°44'L,at.N., 3o"29'Long. W. (Entrance of Denmark Strait), 1135 fath., temp, at bottom 3 .0 C.
Further 2 specimens (280 og 160'"™) from

Stat. 83: 62"25'Lat.N., 28°3o'Long.W. (Denmark Strait), 912 fathoms, temp, at bottom 3.50.
and 2 specimens (280 and 330™'") from

Stat. 91: 64" 44' Lat. N., 31' Long. W. (Denmark Strait, 1236 fathoms, temp, at bottom 3-.1 C.

For the determination of this species I have made use of a specimen sent from the Museum
at Washington. The head, whose length to the branchial cleft is contained almost 5 to fully 5 times
in the total length, is thick with a rather long and obtusely rounded snout. The eyes are small, their
diameter being only about a half frontal diameter. The mouth is very large and almost terminal, the
snout being almost regularly truncate and only little protruding; the upper jaw wearing a card of teeth
whose external teeth are exceedingly the largest, the lower jaw wearing a single row. The first
dorsal numbers 11 rays, of which the first is very short and the second long and serrate as in most
other Macrurids; the second dorsal begins at some distance from the first, the point of the first
dorsal in its depressed state reaching to or a little beyond the beginning of the second. The first ray
of the ventrals is produced in filiform shape and reaches not a little beyond the anus. The scales
are rather small, but distinctly pluricarinate, specially in the head, which else shows some soft and

THE FISHES OF THE INGOLF. EXPEDITIONS.

29

naked parts: the preopercle, the margin of the jaws, parts of tlie snont and the whole lower surface
of the head.

As to other localities the reader is referred to Oceanic Ichthyology? p. 412.

Trachyrhynchus Murrayi Cithr.

(Deep-Sea Fishes, Challenger Report p. 153, pi- 41, fig. A.)

Of this species a young one (120™") was obtained at station 73 (62" 58' Lat. N., 23" 28' L,ong. W.,
Southwest of Iceland at 486 fathoms, at a temperature at the bottom of 5.5 C). Previously it has been
taken in the Faroe-Channel at a depth of 555 fathoms.

Gadoids and allied Fishes.

Motella (Onos) Reinhardti Kr. (Tab. IV, fig. 8).

Compare the description and figure in den norske Nordliavs Expedition , Fi.skene, S. 131,
pi. IV, fig. 34 and < the Challenger Report p. 97, pi. XIX, fig. B.

After this Gadoid having been sent down from Greenland several times in earlier years, it
was found again in the sea between Spitsbergen and Beeren-Island in the ice-cold water at a depth
of 658 fathoms. Later it is found again in the Faroe-Channel at a depth of 540 — 640 fathoms. «Ingolf»
obtained it in a few specimens on Station 116 (70°05'Lat. North, 8° 26' Long. West, South of Jan Mayen,
at 371 fathoms, brown Biloculina-mud, at a temperature at the bottom of -=- o°.4 C.) and at Station 140
(63'29'Lat. North, G'" 57' Long. West, North of the Faroe Islands, 780 fathoms, gray mud and a bottom
temperature of -^- o°.9 C), also at Station 43 (West of the Faroe Islands, 61° 42' Lat. North, 10" 11' Long.
West, 645 fathoms, sandbottom (?), bottom temperature o'".o5 C). Some young specimens were obtained
at Station 2 (63 " 04' Lat. North, 9" 22' Long. W., 262 fathoms. Southeast of Iceland, clay and gravel,
temperature at the bottom 5°.3 C.) and on Station 91 (Denmark Strait, 64°44' Lat. N., 3100' Long. W.,
1236 fathoms, Globigerina mud, bottom temperature 3°.i C). The new localities do not much extend
the known geographical distribution, but seem to show, that it may occur at less considerable depths
and under a less cold temperature, but also at somewhat greater depths and under low degrees
of warmth, a little over or under zero. A sketch executed on the «Ingolf» gives it a light
testaceous colour.

Of larves (on the so termed Co/ic/na-stage) several were fished b)' the 'Ingolf> of this or other
arctic species, especially between the Faroe and the Shetland islands as well as east and south east
of these and south of Iceland, at the surface. Of the other arctic A/oh'//a-species, M. septentrionalis
Coll. and M. ciisis Rhdt. (compare «Norske Nordhavs Expedition p. 138, pi. IV, fig. 35 — 36; «Oceanic
Ichthyology:) p. 381, fig. 327) nothing new was ascertained through the «Ingolf» Expeditions.

20 THE FISHES OF THE <aXGOLF - EXPEDITIONS.

Haloporphyrus eques Gthr. (Tab. IV, fig. 7).

Of this sj^ecies, known from the .Report of the Challenger expeditions (p. 91, pi. 18 B) the
«Ingolf» expedition obtained on Station g (We.st of Iceland, Denmark Strait at 64' 18' Lat. North 27 00'
Long. \V., at a depth of 295 fathoms, bottom clay, bottom temperatnre 5°. 8 C.) two si^ecimens 774 inch,
long (one of them defect). Several larger and smaller specimens were obtained from the stations 81
and 89, at 61^44' Lat. North, 2 7° 00' Long. West, 485 fathoms, bottom temperature 6^.1 C. and 64''45'Lat.
North, 27' 20' Long. West, 310 fathom.s, bottom temperature 8'.4 C, partly from Denmark Strait, West
of Iceland, partly southwest of this island. Previously the .species is taken (specimens 12 — 13 inches
long) in the Faroe-Channel at a depth of 530 fathoms and later in Gascony bay at depths of 1410
and 800 metres (Koehler, Resultats scientifiques de la Campagne du «Caudan> fasc. Ill, 1896). Nearly
related types are known from the Mediterranean: H. Icpidion Risso (cfr. Vinciguerra: Anal. Mus. Ci\-ico
Genova vol. XVIII, p. 554, pi. Ill) and H. Gilntheri Gigl. (can obtain a length of 24 inches, Giinther,
Report p. 91, pi. 18, fig. B; also off Portugal and at Madera). From more distant localities are known
H. cnoshncr Gthr. (Giinther, 1. c. pi. XX, fig. B, 12 inches, Inosima, 345 fathoms) and H. cnsifcrits Gthr.
( 1. c. pi. XIX, fig. A , mouth of Plata River, 600 fathoms).

Of one of the largest Ingolfian specimen I shall insert some measures.

Total length 275™"", head 63'"", consequently not '/^ of the total length.

Diameter of the eye 21""", 7; o^ the length of the head, a little more than the length of the
snout (20'"") and about I'/a time the interorbital space.

The upper jaw terminating below the anterior margin of the lens; the filamentous ray of the
ventrals c. 35'"™, the pectoral 44™'" (about equal to the length of the head without the snout); the
length of the first dorsal ray equals the length of the head.

A sketch made on the expedition gives to the fish a chocolate-brown colour with a bluish tint
especially on the fins.

Antiinora viola Goode & Bean.

The genus Antiniora numbers two species, a southern and a northern, if really different, a
question, on which Dr. Giinther apparently .speaks with some diffidence. They really must be very
nearly related, but I have no doubt that the Ingolfian specimens are here correctly determined.
A.rostrafa Giinther (-Report on deep-sea fishes^^ P- 93) pi. XVI A) was found off the mouth of the Plata
River and off Montevideo, at a depth of 600 fathoms, between Kerguelen and Cape, and in the neigh-
bourhood of Marion Island at 1375 fathoms; the largest specimen was 24 Engl, inches. A. viola G-
& B. (ibid. p. 94, pi. 15) was first captured at a depth of 4—500 fathoms on the edge of <:le Havre
bank , later in 25 specimens in locahties between 33" 35' Lat. North and 41° 34' Lat North and between
76° 00' Long. West and 65'' 54' Long. West at depths between 306 and 1242 fathoms. The expedition
of the prince of Monaco (Collett, «Resultats des campagnes scientifiques etc. p. 59) obtained 12
specimens a little more to the north (45° 20' Lat. North) on the Newfoundland bank at a depth of 1267
meters; the largest specimen was 358""".

THE FISHES OF THE < IXGOLF > EXPEDITIONS.

31

The stations from which -Ingolf; has brought home Antimores, 6 specimens in all, are

Station
50
76

83
93

Lat. N. Long. W. Fathoms Temp, of bottom

62-43' 15" 07' (.South of Iceland) 1020 Gray mud with basalt grains 3'.i3 C.

60'' 50' 26^50' (Southwest of Iceland) 806 Gray mud 4=.! C.

62-25' 28^30' (Likewise) 912 Gray mud 3^.5 C.

64- 24' 35' 14' (Denmark Strait) 767 Gray mud i°.46 C.

All these localities are, as it will be seen, south, southwest or west of Iceland though one of them
rather near to the coast of East-Greenland. The largest specimen has a length of 15 '/^ inch. When
the first dorsal ray is well preserved it proves to be considerably larger than it is figured in Antimora
viola (comp. the figure of Haloporphyrus viola in Goodes «The fisheries and fishery industries of the
United States», Sect. I, pi. 64).

Rhodichthys regina Coll. (Tab. Ill, fig. 4).

Of this species, which is classed with the Brohilidcr, and which was discovered by the <:Nor-
wegian North sea expedition' in the sea between Beeren Island and Finmarken at a depth of 1280
fathoms (Biloculina-cla)-, bottom temperature -h 1-.4), only this single specimen (297™™) was known which
is described and figured by Prof. Collett (den norske Nordhavs Expedition), Fiskene, p. 154, pi. V,
fig. 37— 39). The i Ingolf. expedition brought home several more or less well preserved specimens;
the length of the largest does not exceed 122™™. In one of them the left ventral is tripartite instead
of bipartite, as usual. They are not uniformly red as the original type of the species, but spotted or
figured, with small brownish spots, which interrupt the reddish bottom colour of the skin. The
number of vertebrae, of the body is between 9 and 11, of the tail between 53 and 58. The localities
are the followinsf:

Station Lat. N. Long. W.
104:

105:

III:

66^ 23' 7 25'

65' 34' 7 31'

67° 14' 8' 48'

69" 13' 8 23'

Fathoms

957
762
S60

(East of Iceland)

(Likewise)

(Likewise)
117: 69' 13' 8 23' (South of Jan ^layen) i(X)3

1x8: 68" 27' 8- 20' (Between Iceland and Jan Mayen) 1060
119: 67-53' 10" 19' (Likewise) loio

120: 67' 29' 11° 32' (Likewise)
140 : 63 - 29' 6^ 57' (North of Faroe Island)

780

Condition of the bottom Temp, of the bottom.
Light grayish brown mud -^- i-.i C.

Light brown mud -^ o°.8 C.

Brown Biloculina-clay -f- o'.g C.

Light Biloculina-clay -=-i'.oC.

Light Bilocidina-clay -^ i^.o C.

Light Biloculina-clay -^ i".o C.

Light Biloculina-clay -=- i°.o C.

Gray mud -^ 0-.9 C.

,2 THE FISHES OF THE <TXGOLF- EXPEDITIOXS.

Cotto'idei (s. I.).
Sebastes marinus L. (norvegicus Ascan.)

was found at the following places, Davis vStrait, off Holsteinsborg, by the Ingolf> expedition :
Station Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms temp, at bottom

31: 66^35' 55° 54' 88 1^6 C.

32: 66'^ 35' 56 " 38' 318 Brown gray mud with Rliabdauiiiiiua 3".9 C.

34: 67" 17' 54-' 17' 55 o^9 C.

The arctic-ichthyological literature often cited will illustrate sufficienth- the geographical and
bathynietric distribution of the redfish. It is known besides from Greenland, from Iceland, from Spits-
bergen and Beeren Island, from the whole Norwegian coast, from the Danish shores (occasionally),
from the Irish and North-british coasts and from the eastern coast of North America to Cape Cod
(cfr. the enumeration of the stations in -Oceanic Ichthyology p. 261) in so far that it is not the S. vi-
vipar/is, which here represents the type. I shall not here repeat what I have formerh' said ( Vidensk.
Medd. Naturh. Foren. !■, 1876) of the difference between the true redfish and . Lysougeren (S. 7'ivipanis)
— may this be a distinct species or a fjord or shore variety of S. iiiariiius — but only remark, that
S. vivipar2is is found at the Faroe Islands, at the coast of Norway and Bohuslan and at the coast of
New England (specimens from Eastport and Gloucester sent me from the Smithsonian Institution),
but so far known not at the coast of Finmarken or of Great Britain. Small ones of S. marinus were
taken in the nets south and southwest of Iceland and in the open sea at Denmark Strait.

Phobetor ventralis C. V. (tricuspis Rhdt).

This arctic sea-scorpion has not been brought home with the <■ Ingolf , but it may nevertheless
reasonably be mentioned here. My remarks on its relation to Coitus pistilligcr Pall. ( -Videnskab. Med-
delelser» 1876) have occasioned that it is named Gyuuiacaiiilius pisiiliigcr (Collett: <:Norske Nord-
havs-Expedition», Fiskene, p. 26, and elsewhere). As I have said tliat there was no experience of its
being fished at a greater depth than 20 fathoms, I will add that we have obtained young ones of this
species in Baffin Strait at 50 fathoms, and that den norske Nordhavs-Expedition.> has obtained it
at the same depth at Spitsbergen. On Ryder's expedition to East-Greenland a specimen was taken
at the shore of Hold with Hope; on very low water. For its other known geographical distribution
my remarks in > Videnskab. Meddel. Naturh. Foren. > 1876, p. 365 may be consulted, also Collett 1. c.
p. 28. Also the works of Lilljeborg and Smitt may naturally be consulted for facts of this nature.
It is thus known from different East- and West-Greenland-localities and from places in Arctic
America, at Labrador and Nova Scotia, in the Fundy Bay, at Iceland, Finmarken, Novaja Semlia, in
the Behring Sea, at Kamschatka and — if no mistake — at Japan. In Gilbert's <The ichthyological
collections of the U. S. Fish. C. S. < Albatross;^, < Report of the U. S. Commission of fish and fisheries
for i893» an other species is mentioned from Unalaska, Gyuinacanilins galcaiiis Bean, which is said to
be nearer related to «/*. tricuspis', than to P. pisiilliger,--. It is stated, it must be observed, by this
author in agreement with Dresel (Proceed. Un. St. Nat. Museum 1884, p. 250), that the North-atlantic

THE FISHES OF THE < INGOLF* EXPEDITIONS. 33

type {G. triaispis) differs specifically from the Northpacific (G. pistilligcr). I refer the reader to the
notes of Gilbert (I.e. p. 424). As I have also previously bespoken the relation between Phobctor
(GymnacantliJis) and the species Cottiis clavigcr and C. dicermus^ I shall further add, that these two
species now (Gilbert 1. c. p. 426) are cited as species of a genus Enoplirys.

Cottunculus microps Coll.

Coffus or Cotfiinculns microps is first (1875) established (Collett: sNorges Fiske, med Bemaerk-
ninger oni deres Udbredelse», Tillseg til Videnskab. Selsk. Forhandl. 1874, p. 20, pi. I, fig. 3) on a very
young sea-scorpion, fished by ^Ir. O. vSars at the depth of 200 fathoms in the vicinity of Hammers-
fest. Afterwards «den nonske Nordhavs-Expedition- (I.e. jd. 18 — 25, pi. I, fig- 5 — 6) obtained it in 3 spe-
cimens, taken Northwest of Hammersfest and West of Norskoen (Spitsbergen) at depths from 191 to
459 fathoms (size 93 — 175"'"); the bottom sandy or grayish blue clay, the temperature at the bottom
-=-o.i a 3.5 C. Still later it was found in the Faroe-Channel, so called, by an English expedition
(Giinther: Rej^ort, Challenger, p. 60, t. IX, fig. A) and by an American expedition still nearer to the
American side, two small specimens from a depth of 260 fathoms, 39" 59' Lat. N. and 70° 18' Long. W.
(Tarleton Bean and Brown Goode: « Report on the results of dredging^). Bull. Miis. Compar. Zool.
1883, p. 212). From Greenland itself we have obtained 3 specimens (200 — aGo""'") sent down by M.
Miiller, ins2:)ector of the colony Sukkertoppen, and Prof. F. Smitt states («Skandinaviens Fiskar I,
p. 159), that a male of the length of 157'i'm was taken on Nordenskiold's expedition on the eastcoast of
Greenland at 130 fathoms depth on clay bottom and at 65° 30' Long. North. The most northern point
where this sea-scorpion of the cold and deep sea is known is 80° Lat. North (Spitsbergen), the most
southern on the European side is the Trondhjemsfjord (6372°); according to the statement of F. Smitt
it is there taken in rather numerous specimens at depths from 100 — 200 fathoms. After a note by
T. Bean (Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks of the southern coast of
New England, Nr. 2; American Journal of Science, October 1881, p. 296) it is taken at 7 stations at
the depth of 310 — 396 fathoms on the banks off the southcoast of New England. Giinther (I.e.) also
states, that several specimens are known from the southcoast of New England at depths from 238 to
372 fathoms. Compare also < Oceanic Ichthyology* p. 269, fig. 257 and 261 a, b.

This species is figured by Collett at the places cited in Norges Fiske» and in den norske
Nordhavs Expedition >, by Giinther in the deep-sea fishes of the Challenger (I.e.), and by F. Smitt
(«Skandinaviens Fiskar, I, p. 158, fig. 45), further in 'Oceanic Ichthyologys pi. i. As it is also described
by the said authors, by Lilljeborg and by Jordan and Gilbert («Synopsis of the fishes of North
America) 1882, p. 688) I may limit myself to an enumeration of the Ingolfian localities and to the
addition of a few descriptive notes.

The .skin is densely rough everywhere on the head, body and tail, weakest on the belly, from
small round asperities; at some places they are grouped .together in small heaps and may be continued
on the dorsal rays — more sparsely on the pectorals. The interorbital space is rather large. Behind
the eyes is found an arc of 4 coniform knobs; somewhat more behind, on the occiput, are two and at
both sides in a line with the upper end of the branchial cleft one or two smaller knobs with some more

The Ingolf-Expedition. II. i. 5

, . THE FISHES OF THE «INGOLF» EXPEDITIONS.

faither down at the inferior part of the preopercle. In the young ones they are hardly to be disting-
uished with the exception of two tubercles behind the eyes. There are four dark -coloured bands,
one over the base of the tail, one over the hind part of the dorsal fin and downwards to the anal
fin, a third over the foremost part of the dorsal down towards the pectorals and a fourth — especially
distinct in the younger — transversely over the front, the eyes and the cheeks.
The Stations of C. microps at the <'Ingolf>> voyages were:

Stat. Lat. X. Long. W.
9: 64° 18' 27" 00' (We.st of Iceland), 295 fathoms, clay, bottom temp. 5''.8 C. (size 45 and 30""").

28: 65" 14' 55^42' (West of Sukkertoppen), 420 fathoms, soft browai gray mud v.'ith many Rhabdain-

uiiiitr, bottom temp. 3°.5 C. (45""°).

32: 66^35' 56'' 38' (Davis Strait, off Holsteinsborg), 318 fathoms, brown gray mud with many Rl/abda 1/1-

niina^ bottom temp. 3^.9 C, male and female (160 and So"""').

35: 65° 16' 55" 05' (Southwest of Sukkertoppen), 362 fath., brownish mud with arenaceous foraminifera,

bottom temp. 3-\6 C. (52""").

126: 67' 19' 15' 52' (North of Iceland), 293 fathoms, gray brown, blue claylike mud, bottom temperature

^o'-sC, female (154""").

141: 63" 22' 6-58' (North of the Faroe Islands), 679 fath., gray mud, bottom tp. -^ 0-.6 C, male (170""").

Cottunculus torvus Goode (Thompsoni txiinther)

was described almost contemporaneously under the name cited, by Brown Goode and Tar le ton
Bean (Report on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alex. Agassiz, Report on the fishes,
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology*, X, 5, 1883, p. 213) and by Alb. Giinther (Report
on the deep-sea fishes, the voyage of H. M. S. «Challenger», 1887, p. 61, pi. XI, fig. B). It is figured by
Giinther and by Leon VaiUant (Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du TaHsman > 1880 — 83,
Poissons (1888), p. 361, pi. 28, fig. 3), whose figure however, as stated in the text, is defective, the artist
having overlooked the first part of the dorsal. The localities, from which this species is known, are
I) The ((Faroe Channel) at 535 fathoms depth (size 7^^ inches). 2) The 5 specimens of the length of
62 — 407""", fished by the American deep-sea expeditions at 464—723 fathoms at 33° 42' Lat North to
41° 32' Lat. North and at 65" 55' Long. West to 76= Long. W. 3) The French expeditions obtained 9
specimens (35—146™™) off the Sudan coast and at the banc d'Arguin . at depths of 1 139— 1459 metres.
4) With the (Fyllas a specimen, 150""° lang, was obtained in Davis Strait (66" 49' Lat. North, 56^28'
Long. West, at a depth of 235 fathoms, sand and ooze bottom, bottom temp. 4'.4 C.) (■ Viden.sk. Meddel.
fra den naturh. Forening) 1891, p. 29). 5) With .Ingolf. finally a specimen was obtained, a female,
184™-", at station 83 (Denmark Strait, South west of Iceland), 62" 25' Lat. North, 28^30' Long. West,
depth 912 fathoms, temperature at the bottom 3 .5 C.

This Cottiniathis is smooth without granulations etc., light gray without designs; the head is
strongly provided with coniform tubercles on front, top and sides of the head, opercles etc. A specimen
from the American deep-sea expeditions has been before me for comparison; young specimens are
not at hand.

THE FISHES OF THE <INGOLF.. EXPEDITIONS. 3c

Cottunculus inermis \'aill.

was hitherto only known from the description and figure of Vaillant (I.e. p. 365, jjI. 28, fig. 2) and
was misjudged by the authors of 'Oceanic Ichthyolog}-» (p. 525) who identified it with C. fiiicrops.
The French expeditions obtained 3 specimens (86°"" in length) from the localities already cited (the
coast of Sudan and <'Banc d'Arguin.) at a depth of 930 and 1495 metres. More northerly it was hitherto
unknown. < Ingolf > obtained 4 specimens :

Stat. Lat. N. Long. W.

102 : 66° 23' 10" 26' (East of Cape Langanses), 750 fath., brown mud, bottom temp. -.=- 0^9 C, size 58'"™.

104: 66' 23' 7" 25' (East of the northeastpoint of Iceland), 957 fathoms, light graybrown mud, bottom

temperature -=- I'.i C, female, size 94"""'.
125: 68'o8' 16^02' (North of Iceland), 729 fathoms, bottom brown mud, temp. -^ o'.S C, a female, 150""",

and a younger specimen, 50""".
Uniformly gra}ish without an)- design, almost quite naked and smooth, only a very little
rough to the sense of feeling. No tubercles either on the crown of the head, the occiput or opercles.
The distance between the small eyes is very large, more than thrice a diameter of the eye. Palatal
teeth not observed. Could therefore on so termed technical reasons be cut off as a peculiar generic
type, but I prefer with Vaillant to keep it in the genus Coffnnciihis. It may still be added that in
younger specimens the granulation is ver\- distinct and dense, though not so dense and complete as
in C. Diicrops.

A note about the northern Cotti.

Coitus scorpius L. That the Greenland sea-scorpion (C. gronlandicus) is not specifically different from the
common North-european species is well known now-a-days, though it may still happen that now and then a ^^Cottus
gronlandicus'''' is mentioned from European (Norwegian, Scottish, English) localities, most likely in cases where uncommon
large specimens of C. scorpius have occurred. The aingolf" expedition has brought home specimens of this species
from Stat. 33 (67-57' Lat. North, SS'so' Long. West, S. W. of Egedesminde, depth 35 fathoms, gray sand bottom,
bottom temperature o".8 C). From the east coast of Greenland (Jameson's Land, aHekla's harbour" etc., from the
shore to the depth of some [11] fathoms) the expedition of Ryder brought home some specimens, partlj' young
ones, partly rather adult individuals. It is added, that in „Hekla's harbour" it was found the whole year round.
C. scorpius is otherwise known from almost the whole west coast of Greenland to Umanak and Upernivik, it is noted
from Boothia, Port Leopold, the Wellington channel and the Northumberland sound, on the eastern side of America
to Cape Hatteras , at Iceland, Spitsbergen, the White Sea and Novaja-Semlia , at the Faroe-Islands and at the British
coasts to the mouth of the aChannel" and at the Scandinavian shores, in the Baltic to Uleaborg. If the „Jaok" of
the Kamtschadales (C.jaoc) is correctly referred by Malmgren to our common sea-scorpion, it meets in the northern
part of the Pacific with several other species of Cottus , for which I must refer to the literature, as it would be too
prolix to make a detailed account of it at this place.

C. scorpioides Fabr. (on which I must refer to my elucidations in „Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Forening" 1S76)
was not found by the „Ingolf" expedition, nor are there from other sources turned up any new informations on it.
That Dr. F. S m i 1 1 (1. c.) regards it as a variety of C. scorpius does, after what I have set forth formerly, of course
not agree with my conception.

C. Lilljeborgii has not been found on any of our arctic expeditions. On the other hand it is named (Proc.
Royal Soc. Edinburgh, Vol. XV, p. 207, tab. IV, fig. B) between the deep-sea fishes obtained on the north coast of
Scottland by Murray.

Cottus quadricornis L. has not been found neither by the „Ingolf" expedition. On the other hand the expe-
dition of Ryder to East-Greenland obtained a specimen at the depth of 3 — 6 fathoms at „Hekla's harbour" (^Med-
delelser om Grenland", XIX, Hvirveld^T by E. Bay p. 52). Otherwise it is well known that it has been found at

5*

36

THE FISHES OF THF - INGOLF > EXPEDITIONS.

Mellville island and near the uCopper mine" (67-' 12' Lat. North) in the Gulf of Bothnia and in the adjoining part of
the Baltic, in the Swedish and Russian lakes, in the White Sea and at Novaja-Semlia. Cfr. m)' former communication
the on the northern Cottoids in „Vidensk. Meddel. Naturh. Forening" 1876. Further information on its distribution at
the east coast of Greenland may probably be awaited through a future Eastgreenland expedition.

Icelus hamatus Kr.

The places where tliis little arctic Cottoid was obtained at the ; Ingolf > expedition were:

Station Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms bottom temp.

31: 66° 35' 55° 54' off Holsteinsborg 88 1-.6 C.

33- 67" 57' 55° 30' S.W. of Egedesminde 35 gray sand o\8 C.

34: 67" 17' 54- 17' off Holsteinsborg 55 o^.S C.

127: 66" 33' 20" 05' North of Iceland 44 sand bottom 5'.6 C.

Other informations on its distribution and occurrence will be found in the report of the
«Dijmplina) expedition and in the Norwegian North-Sea expedition;, in Oceanic Ichthyology* etc.
In the last cited work and in Gilbert's report on the fish-collections made in the northern part of
the Pacific (at Alaska, Unalaska etc.) it is named Iccbis bicoriiis (Reinhardt), the author probably
following the h\pothetical suggestion by Collett, that an led /is ma)- have been the foundation of
Reinhardt's Coffiis biconiis, which can not be determined with certainty, the original specimen not
existing. To change a denomination of scientific certitude with another of dubious applicability can
only involve tincertainty and want of clearness. Gilbert also infers the possibility that the Pacific
type might differ specifically from the Atlantic North-Sea t}pe. There are further named by North-
american ichthyologists quite a series of Northpacific species: led /is spin /go-, eai/alie/dat/is. vieh/alis,
citryops and sc/itigcr, IceU///is borcalis, tcn/iis, filaiiieutosiis, fiiiih/'/af/is and oe/ilat/is^ as well as some
species of new genera unknown to me. The relation between those <■ representative ■ species from the
same region of both oceans is, it is true, of great interest, but requires for its solution a relatively
great material placed in one single hand.

Artediellus (Centridermichthys) uncinatus (Rhdt). (Tab. IV, fig. 9.)

Of this small Cottoid many specimens were captured at station 33 (67 " 57' Lat. North, 55' 30'
Long. West, at a depth of 35 fathoms, on gray sand, at a temperature at the bottom of o .8 C), some
at station 29 (65" 34' Lat. North, 54 31' Long. West, depth 68 fathoms, on sandy bottom, temperature at
the bottom o"'.2 C.) and a single specimen at station 31 (66 35' Lat. North, 55 54' Long. West, at 88
fathoms, temperature of bottom 1-.6C.), all on localities off the west coast of Greenland, not farther
sotith than Sukkertoppen , not farther north than Egedesminde. On its occurrence elsewhere ma\' be
referred to my former <.Meddelelser om nordiske Ulkefiske:> (rVidensk. Medd. Naturh. Forening; 1876,
Novaja Semlia, coast of Norway down to 59') and to iBidrag til Kundskab om Kara Havets Fiske>
(< Dijmphna-Togtet; 1886, p. 124, west coast of Novaja Semlia); to Collett: (den norske Nordhavs-
Expedition , Fiskene, p. 29, between North Cape and Spitsbergen) and his JMeddelelser om Norges
Fiske» («Nyt Magasin for Naturvidensk.» Bd. 29, 1884); also Hubrecht («Niederl. Archiv f. Zoologie,

THE FISHES OF THE IXGOLF-EXPEDITIONS.

37

Suppl. Bd., 1882, east of Beeren Island) and Bay (I.e., East Greenland, 127 fathoms, 74"" 17' L,at. North,
15' 20' Long. West). In < Oceanic Ichthyology» (p. 267) numerous localities from various northatlantic
places are cited. As a synonym Cottiis bicornis Rhdt is also cited here; concerning this the reader is
referred to what is remarked above on Iccliis Iiainatus.

Triglops Pingelii (Rhdt).

was found by :Ingolf> at the following localities:

vStat. Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms Bottom bottom temp.

29: 65' 34' 54 ' 31' off Sukkertoppen 68 sand o".2 C. i sjaecimen.

33: 67'' 57' 55' 30' S.W. of Egedesmiude 35 gray sand o".8 C. Numerous specimens of both sexes

and yoimger stages.

34: 67-17' 54-17' off Holsteinsborg 55 sandy 0^.9 C. 8 specimens.

From the earlier literature it will be seen, that Triglops Pingelii is found not only on the
west coast of Greenland, but also from Spitsbergen, from the Barents Sea (East and South of Beeren
Island), from the sea East and South of Jan Mayen, at Iceland, northern Norway to Christianssund at
South, at the Faroe Islands, and at the Northamerican shores. A long list of Eastamerican localities
are cited from the western Atlantic to the latitude of New England. A 7>. plciirosticus Cope from
Godhavn has been put on record ('^Proc. Acad. Philad.> 1865), but in «Oceanic Ichthyology^ (p. 269) it
is as by myself («Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Forening > 1876, p. 3/8) withdrawn to Tr. Pi/igelii. A new
species {Tr. Murray i Gthr.) has meanwhile been established (« Report of fishes obtained in deep water
on the Northwest coast of Scotland, «Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh ■> XV, p. 209, tab. IV, fig. A) on a form
found in Mull of Cantyre at 64 fathoms and Southeast of the island of Sonda, said to be distinguished
by a lesser number of rays, the size of the eyes, another shape of the head and a more compressed
tail. From the northern part of the Pacific is cited Tr. Beani (Gilbert: Ichthvological collections*
p. 426, t. 28), Tr.sceptinis (p. 428, pi. 28) and Tr. xenostetluis (p. 429, pi. 29;; the 2 first named of the.se
species at least are established on a greater number of specimens.

Agonus decagonus Bl.
is fished on the following places:

Station Lat. N. Long. W. fathoms bottom temp.

31: 6635' 55-54' Davis Strait 88 i\6C.

125: 66 08' 16-02' North of Iceland 729 brown mud -=- 0.8 C.

126: 67 ' 19' 15-52' Likewise 293 graybrown mud -=-o°.5C.

143: 62 58' 7-09' North of Faroe i.slands 388 sandy botom -^ 0-.4 C. Two younger specimens.

In «Oceanic Ichthyology* placed in the genus Podothccus. Outside of Greenland known from
Spitsbergen, the Barents Sea, Iceland, Varangerfjord and West-Finmarken. A. iimlarinoidcs Deslongchamps,
probably the same .species, is said to be from Newfoundland (cfr. «Vidensk. Meddel.» 1876, p. 381). On
other mailed Cottoids in the northern part of the Pacific the cited works of Gilbert, Jordan and
St arks may be consulted.

>r^>

38

THE FISHES OF THE <INGOLF- EXPEDITIONS.

Aspidophoroides monopterygius Lac.

Beyond the sea of the west coast of Greenland, where it is collected several times («Vidensk.
Meddel.>> 1. c. p. 385) and where the < Ingolf •> expedition has obtained it at station 31 (Davis Strait,
66° 35' LaL North, 55" 54' Long. West, Sonth of Egedesminde, at a depth of 88 fathoms and a bottom
temperature of 1-.6 C.) and at station 33 (67° 57' Lat. North, 55- 30' Long. West, on 35 fathoms. South-
west of Egedesminde, on gray sand, at a bottom temperature of o'.8 C, it is found repeatedly in the
sea of the eastern coast of Northamerica, even Sonth of Cape Cod (Oceanic Ichthyology p. 284).
From \'ancouvers Island is known a A. (A^igelogoinis) incrviis and from the west coast of America
further A. Giintheri Bean.

Aspidophoroides Olrikii Ltk.

known from the Greenland sea (Hellefiskebankerne, 32 fathoms depth) (eVidensk. Meddel. Naturhist.
Foren.» 1876, p. 386), the Kara Sea («Dijmphna>, «Kara Havets Fiske.^ p. 120, pi. XV, Fig. 1—3) and
the Barents Sea. Was captured plentifully at stat. 33 (cfr. above). A «dubious> specimen is mentioned
in Oceanic Ichthyology* (p. 284) from a depth of 44 fathoms at 46' 45' Lat. North and 50" 02' 30"
Long. West. The i^rince of ]\Ionaco obtained 2 specimens on the banks of Newfoundland (Collett,
«Resultats des Camp, scientif. p. 39). It is cited also from the White Sea and the eastern part of the
Murmannian sea ( Verzeichniss der Fische des weissen und murmanschen Meeres; TAnnuaire du Musee
zoologique de St. Petersbourg 1S97).

Aspidophoroides O/rikii.

■•<>)SxiJs;<>-«-

THE FISHES OF THE INGOLF-- EXPEDITIONS.

39

Contents.

The Ichthyological Results of the Expeditions of the „Ingolf".

Page
Introfluctorj- Remarks i

Skates (Rays): the genus Raja 2,

Raja hj'perborea CoUett 2

Raja ingolfiana Ltk. n. sp Plate I, fig. i. 3

Raja Fyllffi Ltk. (ornata Garm. ?) Plate II, fig. 2. 4,

Deep-sea-Eels: Synaphobranchus and IS'eniichthys [Serri-

vomer] 6

Synaphobranchus infernalis Gill 7,

Neniichthys (Serrivonier) Beanii Gill & Ryder 7,

Alepocephalus Agassizii Goode et Bean S,

Scopelini 9.

Cyclothone (Gonostonia) niicrodon Gthr 9.

Cyclothone (?) niegalops n. sp. ad int. . . Plate IV, fig. 6. 10.

The Notacanths 11

Polyacanthonotus (Macdonaldiaj rostratus Coll 12

Cyclopteridae and Liparididse 14,

Cyclopterus (Euniicrotrenius) spinosus (Fabr.) 14

Liparis Reinhardti and L. micropus Gthr. Plate III, fig. 3. 14,

(L. (Careproctus) gelatinosus Pall.) 14

ParaHparis bathybii Coll 17,

Blenniodei, Ophidiui iS.

Gymnelis \-iridis Fabr iS

Liimpenus lampetriefonnis Walb 19,

Flounders 19,

Drepanopsetta (Hippoglossoides) platessoides Fabr. ... 19.

The genus Lycodes 19

Lycodes niursna Coll 20.

Lycodes frigidius Coll 20.

Lycodes Esmarkii Coll 21

L3"Codes Liitkenii Coll 22,

Page

Lycodes perspicilluni Kr Plate IV, fig. 5. 22

Lycodes gracilis Sars 22

Lycodes pallidus Coll 22

The Macrurus group 23,

Macrurus Fabricii Sundev. (rupestris Fabr. non Gunn.) . 24,
Macrurus (Coryphienoides) rupestris Gunn. (M. Stroniii

Rhdt., nor\-egicus Nilsson) 25,

Macrurus (Hymenocephalus) Goodei Gthr 26,

Macrurus ingolfi Ltk. sp. n 27,

Macrurus (Chalinura) siniidus Goode et Bean 28,

Trachyrhyncluis Murrayi Gthr 29,

Gadoids and allied fishes 29,

Motella (Ones) Reinhardti Kr Plate IV, fig. 8. 29.

Haloporphyrus eques Gtlir Plate IV, fig. 7. 30.

Antiniora viola Goode et Bean 30.

Rhodichthys regina Coll Plate III, fig. 4. 31

Cottoidei (s. lat.) 32,

Sebastes marinus L. (norvegicus Ascan.) 32

Phobetor ventralis C. V. (tricuspis Rhdt.) 32

Cottunculus niicrops Coll 33

Cottunculus tor\nis Goode 34

Cottunculus inerniis Vaill 35

Icelus hamatus Kr 36,

Artediellus (Centridemiichthys) uncinatus (Rhdt.)

Plate IV, fig. 9. 36

Triglops Pingelii (Rhdt.) 37

Agouus decagonus Bl 37

Aspidophoroides monopterygius Lac 38,

Aspidophoroides Olrikii Ltk 38.

i/iiir /I'xfie/hiiuiirii , //, I

l.iilkri, . /',scr., Tnb I

' ■>

I

f

Utijii iiiifnUtfina I.tk.n.sfi.

/fiffot/' /■'j/t^'hlionfn , //,

Ltilhen . Pf.srr-i Tab /I

ffaia l-'ulfa l.tk

IiujtilJ /■:y/ir,lifiofif/i./L I

l.itilcn . I'l.s.f.s Tiih III IV

C 'ictits leUliiha^

J U,u,... ll»,„,a„Ui *. « !U„Mn,,s „^„,„ toll o /,,,,■„,/„ /,,„,„„//,„„ /,>. « ,>./«//»„. '- ™../.'/«/« /// » .-/^

THE INGOLF-EXPEDITION

1895-1896.

THE LOCALITIES, DEPTHS, AND BOTTOMTEMPERATURES OF THE STATIONS.

Depth

Depth

Depth

Station

Nr.

Lat. N.

Long. W.

in
Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
ttnip.

Station

Nr.

Lat. N

Long. V

Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
temp.

Station

Nr.

Lat. N.

Long.W.

in
Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
temp.

I

62° 30'

8° 21'

132

7°2

24

63° 06

56° 00

1199

2°4

45

61° 32'

9° 43'

643

4°i7

2

63° 04'

9° 22'

262

5°3

25

63° 30

54° 25

5S2

3°3

46

61° 32'

11° 36'

720

2°40

3

63° 35'

10° 24'

272

o°5

63° 51

53° 03

136

47

61° 32'

13° 40'

950

3°23

4

64° 07'

11° 12'

237

2°5

26

63° 57

52° 41

34

o°6

48

61° 32'

15° n'

1150

3°i7

5

64° 40'

12° 09'

155

64° 37

54° 24

109

49

62° 07'

15° 0/

1 1 20

2°9I

6

63° 43'

14° 34'

90

7°o

27

64° 54

55° 10

393

3°8

50

62° 43'

15° 07'

1020

3°i3

7

63° '3'

15° 41'

600

4°5

28

65° 14

55° 42

420

305

51

64° 15'

14° 22'

68

7°32

■ 8

63° 56'

24° 40'

136

6°o

29

65° 34

54° 31

68

0°2

52

63° 5/

13° 32'

420

7°87

9

64° 18'

27° 00'

295

5°8

30

66° 50

54° 28

22

i°05

53

63° 15'

15° 0/

795

3°o8

lO

64° 24'

28° 50'

788

3°5

31

66° 35

55° 54

88

i°6

54

63° oS'

15° 40'

691

3°9

11

64° 34'

31° 12'

1300

i°6

32

66° 35

56° 38

3i8

3°9

55

63° 33'

15° 02'

316

5°9

12

64° 3S'

32° 37'

1040

o°3

33

67° 57

55° 30

35

o°S

56

64° 00'

15° 09'

68

7°57

13

64° 4/

34° 33'

622

3°o

34

65° 17

54° 17

55

57

63° 37'

13° 02'

350

3°4

14

64° 45'

35° 05'

176

4°4

35

65° 16

55° 05

362

3°6

58

64° 25'

12° 09'

211

o°8

15

66° 18'

25° 59'

330

-o°75

36

61° 50

56° 21

1435

■°5

59

65° 00'

11° 16'

310

— o°i

i6

65° 43'

26° 58'

250

6°i

37

60° 17

54° 05

1715

i°4

60

65° 09'

12° 27'

124

o°9

17

62° 49'

26° 55'

745

3°4

38

59° 12

51° 05

1870

i°3

61

65° 03'

13° 06'

55

o°4

i8

61° 44'

30° 29'

1135

3°o

39

62° 00

22° 38

865

2°9

62

63° 18'

19° 12'

72

7°92

19

60° 29'

34° 14'

1566

2°4

40

62° 00

21° 36

845

3°3

63

62° 40'

19° 05'

800

4°o

20

58° 20'

40° 48'

1695

i°5

41

61° 39

17° 10

1245

2°0

64

62° 06'

19° 00'

1 04 1

3°i

21

58° or-

44° 45'

1330

2°4

42

6i°4i

10° 17

625

o°4

65

61° 33'

19° 00'

10S9

3°o

22

58° 10'

48° 25'

1845

i°4

43

61° 42

10° II

645

o°o5

66

61° 33'

20° 43

1128

3°3

23

60° 43'

56° co-

Only tlie
Plankkin-Not

USCll

44

61° 42

9° 36

545

4°8

67

61° 30'

22° 30'

975

3°o

Station

Nr.

Long. W.

Lat. N.

Depth

in
Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
temp.

Station

Nr.

LatN.

Long.W.

Depth

in
Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
temp.

Station
Nr.

Lat. N.

Long. W.

Depth

in
Danish
fathoms

Bottom-
temp.

68

62° 06'

22° 30'

843

3°4

92

64° 44'

32° 52'

976

T°4

n8

68° 27'

8° 20'

1060

— i°o

69

62° 40'

22° 17'

589

3°9

93

64° 24'

35° 14'

767

i°46

"9

67° 53'

10° 19'

lOIO

— i°o

70

63° 09'

22° 05'

134

7°o

94

64° 56'

36° 19'

204

4°:

120

67° 29

11° 32'

885

— i°o

71

63° 46'

22° 03'

46

65° 31'

30° 45'

213

121

66° 59'

13° II'

529

-o°7

72

63° 12-

23° 04

197

6°7

95

65° 14'

30° 39'

752

2°I

122

66° 42'

14° 44'

115

i°8

73

62° 58'

23° 28'

486

5°5

96

65° 24'

29° 00'

735

I°2

'23

66° 52'

15° 40'

145

2°0

74

62° 1/

24° 36'

695

4°2

97

65° 28'

27° 39'

450

5°5

124

67° 40'

15° 40'

495

— o°6

61° 57'

25° 35'

761

98

65° 38-

26° 27'

138

5°9

125

68° 08'

16° 02'

729

— o°8

61° 28'

25° 06'

829

99

66° 13

25° 53'

187

6°i

126

67° 19'

15° 52'

293

-o°5

75

61° 28'

26° 25'

780

4°3

100

66° 23'

14° 02'

59

o°4

127

66° 33'

20° 05'

44

5°6

76

60° 50'

26° 50'

806

4°i

lOI

66° 23'

12° 05'

537

-o°7

128

66° 50'

20° 02'

194

o°6

77

60° 10'

26° 59'

951

3°6

102

66° 23'

10° 26'

750

-o°9

129

66° 35'

23° 4/

117

6°5

7S

60° 37'

27° 52'

799

4°5

103

66° 23'

8° 52'

579

-o°6

130

63° 00'

20° 40'

338

6°55

79

60° 52'

28° 58'

653

4°4

104

66° 23'

7° 25'

957

— i°i

131

63° 00'

19° 09'

698

4°7

So

61° 02'

29° 32'

935

4°o

105

65° 34'

7°3i'

762

— o°S

132

63° 00'

17° 04'

747

4°6

81

61° 44'

27° 00'

485

6°i

106

65° 34'

8° 54'

447

— o°6

133

63° 14'

n°24-

230

2°2

82

61° 55'

27° 28'

824

4°i

65° 29'

8° 40'

466

134

62° 34'

10° 26'

299

4°i

83

62° 25'

28° 30'

912

3°5

107

65° 33'

10° 28'

492

-o°3

135

62° 48'

9° 48'

270

o°4

62° 36'

26° 01'

472

108

6S° 30'

12° 00'

97

i°i

136

63° or

9° n'

256

4°8

62° 36'

25° 30'

401

109

65° 29'

13° 25'

38

i°5

137

63° 14'

8° 31'

297

-o°6

84

62° 58'

25° 24'

633

4°S

no

66° 44'

"°33'

781

— o°8

138

63° 26'

7° 56'

471

— o°6

85

63° 21'

25° 21'

170

in

67° 14'

8°48'

860

-o°9

139

63° 36'

7° 30'

702

— o°6

86

65° 03-6

23° 47' 6

76

112

67° 5/

6° 44'

1267

— i°i

140

63° 29'

6° 57'

780

-o°9

87

65° 02' J

23° 56' 2

no

113

69° 31-

7°o6-

1309

— i°o

141

63° 22-

6° 58'

679

-o°6

88

64° 58'

24° 25'

76

6°9

114

70° 36'

7°29-

773

— i°o

142

63° 0/

7°05'

587

-o°6

89

64° 45'

27° 20'

310

8°4

"5

70° 50'

8°29'

86

o°i

143

62° 58'

7°09'

3S8

-o°4

90

64° 45'

29° 06'

568

4°4

n6

70° 05'

8°26'

371

-o°4

144

62° 49

7°I2'

276

i°6

91

64° 44'

31° 00'

1236

3°i

117

69° 13-

8°23'

1003

-i°o

>-0-*-<S>-»-K>-<-